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    高寒地区居住小区海绵化改造建设研究——以西宁市安泰华庭小区为例

    Improvement of residential area for sponge city construction in high altitude and severe cold area: a case study of Antaihuating Community, Xining City of northwestern China

    • 摘要:
      目的受既有建筑、管网、高差等基础条件的限制,城市建成区的海绵化改造是海绵城市建设的难点,尤其是高寒地区居住区海绵建设面临诸多现实问题和技术困难。本文以西宁市安泰华庭小区海绵化改造为例,详细介绍其海绵化改造具体方案,并验证实施方案的有效性,为此类地区开展海绵城市建设提供案例依据。
      方法通过对现状场地条件分析、LID设施的选择与布置,运用SWMM建立不同重现期(2年一遇、5年一遇、10年一遇、20年一遇、50年一遇)2 h降雨下海绵化改造前后的两种模型,并进行对比,同时在改造后模型中使用实测降雨数据模拟,并与排放口实测数据对比验证。
      结果(1) 依据场地现状可使用下凹绿地、植草沟渠、高强度透水铺装、屋顶花园、雨水调蓄池5种LID设施组合的海绵设施系统。(2) 在10、20及50年重现期降雨条件下,C1排水口的流量峰值分别降低了83.45%、79.31%和57.39%,峰现时间延迟了82、40和30 min,C3排水口的流量峰值分别降低了65.96%、34.04%和22.34%,峰现时间延迟了65、50和62 min,达到了很好的削峰延时效果;改造后50年重现期下排水口的流量均低于改造前2年重现期排放口的流量,小区的防洪排涝能力由2年一遇提高到50年一遇。(3) 通过与3次实际降雨值和产流数据对比,发现模拟数据与实际监控数据能够很好地匹配,说明设计模型的参数率定合理,模拟结论具有较高的可信度。
      结论使用多种LID设施组合的海绵系统改造后的区域相对于未改造区域的产流峰值、出流量均大幅度降低,充分说明了在高寒地区海绵化改造的实施有效地削减了外排量,实现了削峰、延时、去污等综合目标。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveDue to the limitations of existing buildings, pipes and elevation difference and other basic conditions, the sponge transformation of urban built-up areas is a difficult point, especially in urban residential areas in alpine areas, which faces many practical problems and technical difficulties. Taking the Antaihuating Community in Xining City as an example, this paper introduces the sponge transformation design in detail, and verifies the effectiveness of the implementation, so as to provide case basis for the sponge city construction in such areas.
      MethodBased on the analysis of site conditions, LID facility selection and layout, two SWMM models (before and after the sponge transformation) were established to simulate the runoff under 2 hours rainfall in different return periods (2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 years). At the same time, using the observed rainfall data to verify the validation of the model simulation.
      Result(1) According to the current situation of the site, five kinds of LID facilities were introduced, namely rain garden, grassed swale, permeable pavement, roof garden and rainwater storage tank. (2) Comparing with the two SWMM models, the simulation data showed that under the conditions of 10, 20 and 50 years recurrence interval, in outlet C1, the peak discharge decreased by 83.45%, 79.31% and 57.39%, respectively. The peak flow time was delayed by 82 minutes, 40 minutes and 30 minutes. In outlet C3, the peak discharge decreased by 65.96%, 34.04% and 22.34%, respectively, the peak flow time was delayed by 65 minutes, 50 minutes and 62 minutes. After rebuilding, the discharge of drainage outlet in the recurrence interval of 50 years was lower than that of 2 years before the reconstruction. The flood control and drainage capacity of the community had been improved. (3) By comparing with the three actual rainfall and runoff data, it was found that the simulation data can match the actual monitoring data well, which shows that the parameter calibration of the SWMM model is reasonable and the simulation conclusion has a high credibility.
      ConclusionRelative to the unimproved area, the production peak runoff discharge of the reconstructed area is greatly reduced, which fully illustrates that the implementation of LID design effectively reduces the discharge and achieves the comprehensive objectives of peak cutting, delay and decontamination.

       

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