摘要:
对药用和油用牡丹品种凤丹白'自交亲和性进行验证的同时,对其育性以及育种潜力进行研究。分别于
2008 年、2009 年、2011 年以凤丹白'为母本与中原牡丹、日本牡丹以及紫斑牡丹进行了大量杂交,共设置57 个杂
交组合,授粉2 023 朵花,获得43 508 粒杂交种子。结果表明:1)凤丹白'自然授粉结实率高(19.13 粒/ 朵),且明
显高于自花授粉结实率(0.4 粒/ 朵),属于异花授粉植物,且不存在无融合生殖现象;2)凤丹白'与中原牡丹、日本
牡丹、紫斑牡丹杂交结实率(18.44、23.84、26.62 粒/ 朵)均较高,表明凤丹白'的杂交亲和性较强;3)结实率受父
本花型影响,皇冠型最低(10.42 粒/ 朵)且与其他花型存在极显著差异,这与雄蕊高度瓣化而花粉减少且生活力下
降有关;4)凤丹白'与贵妃插翠'黑龙锦'等39 个品种杂交结实率(33.33、35.89 粒/ 朵等)高于其自然授粉结
实率,对提高油用牡丹种子产量有重要参考价值。总之,凤丹白'的育性强、亲和性高,是一种育种潜力巨大的优
良牡丹种质资源,值得进一步挖掘与利用。
Abstract:
Self-compatibility, fertility and breeding potential of Paeonia ostii Feng Dan Bai'( Phoenix
White'), a famous medicinal and oil cultivar of tree peony, were studied in this paper. We crossed P.
ostii Feng Dan Bai'with 57 cultivars from P. suffruticosa Zhongyuan Group, P. suffruticosa Japan
Group and P. rockii Rock Group in 2008, 2009 and 2011, during which totally 2 023 flowers were
pollinated in 57 different cross combinations with the harvest of 43 508 seeds. The main results were as
follows: 1)the seed setting rate of open-pollinated flowers (19.13 seeds per flower) was significantly
higher than that of self-pollinated flowers (0.4 seeds per flower), indicating that Feng Dan Bai' is
cross-pollinated plant without apomixis. 2) In crosses with the cultivars of P. suffruticosa Zhongyuan
Group, P. suffruticosa Japan Group and P. rockii Rock Group, Feng Dan Bai'had high average setting
rates (respectively 18.44, 23.84 and 26.62 seeds per flower),which indicated it had obvious cross-
compatibility with various cultivars. 3) Setting rate was affected by flower forms of pollen parents used in
crossings, among which the crown form (10. 42 seeds per flower) was the lowest and significantly
different from other forms. This should be caused by the decrease of pollen numbers and vitality with high
petaloidy of flowers. 4)In the crosses with 39 cultivars such as Gui Fei Cha Cui'and Hei Long Jin',
Feng Dan Bai' had higher average setting rates (respectively 33.33, 35.89 seeds per flower, et al)
than open-pollinated flowers, which represented an important clue for improving seed yield of oil tree
peony. In conclusion, Feng Dan Bai', with strong fertility and compatibility, has great potential in tree
peony breeding and can be used as an excellent maternal parent in the future.
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