Soil moisture variation characteristics at forest landscape boundary of mountainous region in eastern Liaoning
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摘要: 为了评价不同森林植被类型水源涵养能力的差异性,采用定位研究的方法,通过布点测试了林下0~30cm土壤水分含量的变化,重点对辽东山地雨季胡桃楸天然次生林与落叶松人工纯林2种森林景观界面土壤水分演化动态进行了研究。结果表明:胡桃楸天然次生林和落叶松纯林2种森林植被类型之间土壤水分含量存在差异性,蓄水能力差异显著。主要表现为:由坡上至坡下依次分布胡桃楸天然次生林与落叶松人工纯林,可划分胡桃楸林、景观界面区、落叶松林3个功能区;景观界面区各土层深度的土壤含水率均明显高于胡桃秋林及落叶松林功能区。沿等高线方向土壤水分变化呈现出先平稳后波动趋势。垂直方向上土壤含水率均呈现随土层深度(0~30cm)增加而降低趋势,可依次分为速变层、渐变层和稳定层3个层次。采用移动窗口法界定雨季期间(8—10月)不同土层深度胡桃楸天然次生林、落叶松人工林景观界面土壤水分影响域范围,得出0~10cm土层土壤水分影响域范围25m,界面类型为渐变型界面;10~20cm土层土壤水分影响域范围20m,界面类型为渐变型界面;20~30cm土层土壤水分影响域范围10m;其中8、10月均为渐变型界面,9月为突变型界面。Abstract: In order to research and evaluate the difference of water conservation capacity between different types of forest vegetation, we used positioning research method and arranged measuring points, and examined the diversification of soil moisture content in the understory of 0--30 cm. The focus of our research is to probe into the evolutionary trends of soil moisture at Juglans mandshurica natural secondary forest and Larix gmelinii plantation in the rainy season at the mountain ous region of eastern Liaoning. The results showed that: there are differences in soil moisture content and water storage capacity between J. mandshurica natural secondary forest and L. gmelinii plantation. It is mainly expressed as follows: from the top to the bottom of slope, the distribution of the research area is first J. mandshurica natural secondary forest and then L. gmelinii plantation and that can be divided into three functional areas: J. mandshurica forest, landscape boundary region and L. gmelinii forest. The soil moisture in each soil depth of landscape boundary region is significantly higher than that in J. mandshurica forest and L. gmelinii forest. Along the contour the trend of soil moisture shows first a steady status and then fluctuation. In the vertical direction, the trend of soil moisture in three functional areas shows a decrease with soil depth, which can be classified into three layers: rapid change, gradient change and stable layers. By using Moving Split-window Analysis, we defined the influence range of soil moisture at different soil depths at J. mandshurica natural secondary forest and L. gmelinii plantation during the rainy season(August to October). The results were that, the influence range of soil moisture in soil layer 0--10 cm is the width of 25 m with the type of gradual boundary; the influence range of soil moisture in soil layer 10--20 cm is the width of 20 m with the type of gradual boundary; the influence range of soil moisture in soil layer 20--30 cm is the width of 10 m with the type of gradual boundary in August and October and abrupt boundary in September. This research can provide a scientific basis for forestation design and rational management and renovation of forest water conversation capacity.
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