Research on applying new materials for Pinus tabuliformis plantations in barren sites of plain in Beijing
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摘要: 为探寻适用于北京平原造林工程中困难立地条件下油松等大规格针叶苗木成活、成林及健康生长的最佳新材料施用方案,将抗蒸腾抑制剂、厚环乳牛肝菌剂以及6号GGR植物生长调节剂3种造林新材料进行组合试验,对油松林的造林成活率、当年新梢数量、新梢长度、新梢直径、叶绿素含量以及叶片营养元素进行调查研究。结果表明:1)施用造林新材料的处理成活率均高于对照(78%),其中HSK(厚环乳牛杆菌剂+6号GGR植物生长调节剂+抗蒸腾抑制剂)处理成活率最高,达到89%;2)油松新梢生长情况以HSK处理表现最优,2013年5—7月新梢数量平均增长量最大,单株平均增长量为6.48个,是对照增长量的2倍;新梢直径的平均增长量为2.36mm,相对于对照提高了117%;新梢长度增长量较对照增长量提高了251%;3)油松叶片2013年总叶绿素含量平均值以HSK处理最高,为6.96mg/L,对照处理最低,为5.76mg/L,且3种新材料之间存在明显的相互促进作用; 4)对于叶片营养元素含量,在HSK处理条件下,2013年叶片P元素总平均含量达0.81g/kg、叶片N元素为10.01mg/kg、叶片K元素为5.41g/kg,优于其他处理,即HSK处理可确保3种营养元素均稳定维持在较高水平。5)为确保林分结构稳定,各处理死亡油松苗木需重新补植,尽管相对于对照,其余处理新材料的施用增加了成本,但其对成活率的提高可以很大程度上节省补植所需资金,其中以HSK处理(100株油松占地0.17hm2)节约成本最高(810元),即4764元/hm2。因此综合考虑各指标,HSK处理在前期保证苗木成活率及后期促进苗木生长发育等方面均表现出明显的优越性。
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关键词:
- 油松人工林 /
- 抗蒸腾抑制剂 /
- 6号GGR生长调节剂 /
- 厚环乳牛肝菌剂
Abstract: To seek the implementation solutions of using new materials for the seedling survival, growth and health of large size coniferous forest such as Pinus tabuliformis under barren site condition in the Beijing Plain Afforestation Project, three new materials (i.e., antitranspirant, Suillus grevillei and GGR 6 plant growth regulator) were used to form eight different treatments. The survival rate, new shoot number, new shoot length, new shoot diameter, the content of chlorophyll and leaf nutrient elements were investigated. Results were as follows: 1) the survival rates of P. tabuliformis seedlings treated with new materials were all higher than control (78%), especially with HSK (Suillus grevillei+GGR 6 plant growth regulator+antitranspirant) treatment it was the highest (89%); 2) under the HSK treatment, the new shoots of P. tabuliformis grew best from may to July in 2013, the average increasing rate of new shoots number was greatest, and the average increasing number of individual tree was 6.48, which was 2 times of control. The average increase of new shoot diameter was 2.36 mm, which increased by 117% compared with control. The increasing amount of new shoot length increased by 251% compared with that of control; 3) the average of total chlorophyll content with HSK in 2013 was the highest of 6.96 mg/L, and the lowest of 5.76 mg/L with control. There were obvious mutual promoted effects among three new materials; 4) regarding the contents of leaf nutrient elements, under HSK treatment the average total content of element P was 0.81 g/kg, N 10.01 mg/kg and K 5.41 g/kg in 2013, which was better than the other treatments. HSK treatment could keep the contents of 3 elements stable and in high levels; 5) because dead seedlings should be replanted in order to keep the forest stand structure stable, the increase of survival rate compared with control could save the cost from replanting, then compensate the cost by applying new materials in afforestation. HSK treatment (100 plants in 0.17 hm2)can save the maximum replanting cost (810 RMB Yuan), that is 4 764 RMB Yuan/hm2. Therefore, considering all the indicators, HSK treatment can both ensure the higher survival rate and promote the growth and development of seedlings. -
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