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    氮素化学形态及添加剂量对温带森林土壤N2O排放的影响

    Effects of different nitrogen addition forms and levels on N2O emission in the temperate forest soil

    • 摘要: 土壤中氮形态和氮剂量的有效性是影响土壤氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的重要因子。为了提高氮素化学形态及添加剂量对温带森林土壤N2O排放的影响,本研究在北京林业大学实验林场,以温带油松林土壤为研究对象,通过野外氮添加控制实验,采用静态箱/气相色谱法分析不同水平(对照,CK:0 kg/(hm2·a); 低氮,LN:50 kg/(hm2·a); 中氮,MN:100 kg/(hm2·a); 高氮,HN:150 kg/(hm2·a))和不同形态(混合态氮,AN:NH4NO3; 铵态氮,As:(NH4)2SO4; 硝态氮,Na:NaNO3)的氮添加对温带油松林土壤N2O排放通量的影响。结果表明:氮添加处理样地N2O排放表现出明显的季节性变化特征,排放高峰出现在6—8月,其他季节土壤N2O排放通量相对较低,最小值出现在1月。不同氮添加处理均促进了土壤N2O的排放:在不同水平的氮添加下,随着氮添加水平的增加,土壤N2O排放通量也升高,表现为HN>MN>LN>CK。不同形态的氮输入对N2O排放的促进作用表现为:AN>As>Na,As添加与AN和Na添加没有显著差异(P>0.05),但AN添加与Na添加之间差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,空气温度、土壤温度和土壤孔隙含水量也可以影响土壤N2O的排放。年度土壤N2O排放系数范围是0.34%~0.94%,年均排放系数为0.364%,低于联合国政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)推荐的默认值。

       

      Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission can be affected by the amounts and forms of nitrogen (N) available in soils. To improve our understanding of the response of N2O emission to different N addition levels and forms, a manipulative field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different forms (ammonium sulfate, As:(NH4)2SO4; sodium nitrate, Na:NaNO3; ammonium nitrate, AN:NH4NO3) and levels (control: 0 kg/(ha·year); low N, LN: 50 kg/(ha·year); MN: 100 kg/(ha·year) and high N, HN: 150 kg/(ha·year)) of N addition on N2O emission of temperate Pinus tabuliformis forest soil using the static closed chamber method at Experimental Forest Station of Beijing Forestry University in Beijing, northern China. Our results showed that soil N2O emission showed a trend of seasonal variation: higher in summer (May to August) but relatively low in the remaining seasons. The minimum value appeared in January. Different levels of N addition increased annual N2O emission in the order of HN>MN>LN>control. The three N forms increased annual N2O emission in the order of AN>As>Na, but the difference was insignificant (P>0.05) between As and AN or As and Na. These results suggested that the N2O emission from temperate forest soil sensitively responded to N addition forms and levels. In addition, soil temperature, air temperature and water-filled pore space also influenced soil N2O fluxes. Annual soil N2O emission factors ranged from 0.34% to 0.94% for different N addition treatments, with an overall emission factor value of 0.364%. The emission factor values were far less than the mean default emission factor proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

       

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