摘要:
额尔齐斯河河岸以杨柳科树种为建群种的天然林对维护新疆北部荒漠区生态环境、促进当地农牧业及社会经济的持续发展起着重要作用.研究洪水与河岸天然林生长发育之间的关系, 对深入认识河岸天然林发生演替规律、促进河岸天然林的保育恢复具有重要意义.通过对额尔齐斯河河岸天然林种子散播、萌发、天然更新及天然林结构组成、分布格局与洪水之间关系的实地调查研究表明:①额河河岸杨柳科树种种子的成熟散播期与洪水发生期高度重叠, 种子的萌发和幼树更新对洪水形成强烈的依赖关系;②洪水通过漫灌、侧渗方式补充河岸两侧的林地土壤水分和提升林地地下水位, 以此维持河岸天然林的正常生长;③洪水对额河河岸植被的结构组成和分布格局有决定性影响, 对洪水过程的改变, 必将对河岸的天然林结构组成及更新演替带来显著的影响.根据调查结果, 提出建立河岸森林缓冲带、提高河岸稳定性、维护洪水发生机制, 以促进河岸天然林保育恢复的管理措施.
关键词:
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洪水
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漫灌
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更新
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额尔齐斯河
Abstract:
The riparian forests in the Ergis River area, composed of Salicaceae species, are important for the maintenance of the eco-environment and the promotion of sustainable development of local agriculture, stockbreeding and the social economy in the northern desert region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The study of the influence of floods on the natural riparian forests is imperative for the understanding of the process of succession and the acceleration of conservation and restoration of the forests.We investigated the relationships between flood and the dispersal of seeds, sprouting, natural regeneration, the structure of the forests and its current distribution.We conclude that:1) the maturing and dispersal period of the seeds of Salicaceae species is largely overlapped with periods of flood, and the sprouting of seeds and natural regeneration depend heavily on floods;2) floods complement soil water and increase the groundwater level of the riparian land through flooding and lateral seeping which sustains the normal growth of riparian forests;3) floods have a decisive influence on the structure, composition and distribution pattern of riparian forests and any disturbance in the water flow will have a profound effect on these characteristics.Given these results, some management measures for conservation and restoration are proposed.These include the establishment of riparian forest buffer zones, bank stabilization measures and maintenance of flood protection.
百度学术
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