摘要:
为了研究辽东栎天然种群在山西灵空山自然保护区内的表型变异特征和影响因素,在该地区内共抽取了5个辽东栎天然种群,分别测了叶片及顶芽共24项形态特征.方差分析结果表明,各表型性状在种群内均达到极显著水平（α=0.01）,种群间共有5个性状指标在α=0.05水平上差异显著,这些差异一方面来自于遗传因素,另一方面可能来自于环境因素.经研究得出,辽东栎表型性状受坡向、坡度、种群内树木平均胸径、种群密度等间接生态因子的影响.种群内变异是辽东栎表型变异的主要部分,表型分化系数（Vst）为13.31%,分化程度低,但部分性状也有了较大的分化,如最底部锯齿宽（25.99%）、中间顶芽宽（25.23%）等.在种群内最底部锯齿、叶尖、叶柄、叶面积等形态指标变动程度较大,稳定性较差,主要是个体发育差异引起的,而在种群间仅有中间顶芽形态指标和最底部叶齿形态指标稳定性较差,说明受环境的影响较大.
关键词:
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辽东栎
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天然种群
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叶片
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顶芽
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表型变异
Abstract:
In order to study the variation of morphologic traits and influencing factors of natural populations of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.in Lingkong Mountain Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province, 5 populations were sampled, and 24 morphologic traits of leaf and apical bud were investigated.The variance analysis shows that variations of all the morphologic traits within population are significant, and significant differences exist in 5 character indices among populations(α=0.05) which may result from genetic and environmental factors.The results reveal that direction and degree of slope average DBH in populations and population density are main influencing factors.Intrapopulation variation mainly contributes to morphologic variation, and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 13.31%, which indicates a low level of differentiation.But several characters exhibit a high differentiation level such as the tooth width of leaf base(25.99%) and the width of middle apical bud(25.23%).The morphologic indices including the tooth of leaf base, leaf tip, petiole and leaf area vary greatly within population which may arise from the variation of individual development.However, only two morphologic indices, the middle apical bud and the tooth of leaf base, are unstable, which indicates the extensive influence of environmental factors.
百度学术
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