摘要:
作者经过3a多时间(2000- 2003) 对52种针叶树、阔叶树、灌木和花卉等植物表面温度进行了研究.结果表明:在北京各种植物表面暖季有明显降温作用,冷季有升温效应,其作用由大到小排列顺序为阔叶树、花卉植物和灌木、针叶树;热季各种表面温度由高到低排列顺序为:干土、水泥路面、砖墙、花岗石、裸土、空气温度、植物表面、湿土、水面;针叶树不同种间表面温度差异较小(1~ 2℃ ) 而阔叶树不同种间差异较大(3℃以上) ;夏季草坪虽比各种植物降温效果差些,但比各种铺装表面降温显著.建议在首都绿化中,应坚持生物多样性原则,乔、灌、草、花相结合,应多栽叶片小的阔叶树,加大花卉植物栽种数量,在已栽植的大面积草坪中要加入零散树木、花卉植物和灌木等,以减少旱季草坪耗水量和灌溉量．
Abstract:
Fifty two species of coniferous trees, broad-leaved trees, shrubs and flowering plants were investigated in order to study the plant surface temperatures from 2000 to 2003 in Beijing. The results showed that plant surface temperature obviously decreased in warm seasons and increased in cold seasons in the following order: broad-leaved trees＞flowering plants＞shrubs＞coniferous trees. In the summer, surface temperatures rank from high to low as follows: dry ground＞cement road surface＞brick wall＞stone＞naked soil＞air＞plant surface＞humid soil＞water. The surface temperature changed very little among coniferous trees with a difference of only 1-2℃ but changed obviously among broad-leaved trees with a difference of 3-4℃. Lawns have less effects on lowering surface temperature than trees and plants,but it is obviously better than other surfaces. The authors suggest that the afforestation in Beijing should insist on the principle of bio-diversity by a combination of trees, shrubs, grass and flowering plants. Broad-leaved trees with small leaves and more flowering plants are recommended for plantations. Trees, shrubs and flowering plants should be scattered in large areas of planted lawns in order to reduce water consumption and irrigation of lawns in dry seasons.
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