Tradeoff of conflict between wetland protection and farmland reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province
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摘要: 为保障国家粮食安全,国家先后对三江平原进行了多次大规模的开垦.这些开垦基本上是开垦的天然湿地,从而导致了土地退化和生态环境恶化,影响了区域生态安全.在对三江平原湿地生态系统与耕地生态系统进行生态服务功能价值评估的基础上,考虑到粮食安全与生态安全的需要,该文对三江平原湿地保护与耕地开垦冲突进行了权衡,并提出了建议:①在湿地保护区的核心区域应坚决退耕还湿;②尽量使湿地集中连片,使其能发挥最大效益;③必要时应从流域层面考虑湿地的生态分水机制;④耕地开垦应严格控制规模.Abstract: To ensure the food security, the Chinese government had reclaimed the wetland in Sanjiang Plain(northeastern Heilongjiang Province) many times and this degenerated the soil and deteriorated the ecosystem of the region. Based on evaluating the value of ecology service of wetland and farmland ecosystems and taking into account of the food security and ecology security, the paper researched the tradeoff of conflict between wetland protection and farmland reclamation and put forward some suggestions: 1) the farmland should be firmly converted to wetland in the core area of wetland protection region; 2) the wetland fragments should be pooled together in order to bring their effects into full play; 3) the ecologically used water should, if possible, be taken into consideration from the aspect of watershed; 4) the scale of farmland reclamation should be strictly controlled.
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