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    花椒林细根空间分布特征及椒草种间地下竞争

    Spatial distribution of fine roots and underground competition between Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungenum) and weeds in Chinese prickly ash plantation

    • 摘要: 农林复合系统中,果树和作物的细根分布是果树和作物竞争的主要指标,是模式物种选择及系统设计的依据。在花椒模式更新改造中,为了达到间作作物选择和行间配置的合理性,采用壕沟法研究了花椒林细根的空间分布状况,并用Levins提出的生态位重叠公式计测了花椒和杂草间的地下竞争指数。结果表明:1)花椒和杂草细根(≤1 mm)的平均生物量分别是0.40、0.97 mg/cm 3,杂草细根生物量是花椒的242.0%;2)在距树行30、60、90、120、150 cm处,花椒和杂草细根分布均匀,但各距离处杂草细根生物量显著多于花椒;除距树行30 cm外,各水平距离杂草对花椒的竞争指数显著高于花椒对杂草的竞争指数;3)在土层0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~15 cm、15~20 cm、20~25 cm、25~30 cm处,花椒细根生物量分布均匀;杂草细根生物量随土层加深而逐渐减少。依杂草细根生物量的多寡,可将杂草细根生物量分为2个区,1区是0~15 cm土层的主分布区,其细根生物量占杂草细根总生物量的81.1%;2区是15~30 cm土层的次分布区,其细根生物量占杂草细根总生物量的18.90%。各土层中,除25~30 cm土层外,杂草对花椒的竞争指数高于花椒对杂草的竞争指数。根据花椒和杂草细根生物量的空间分布和地下花椒和杂草的种间竞争强度状况,讨论了四川盆地丘陵区退耕还林地花椒模式更新的间作物选择、行间配置和水肥管理应注意的问题。

       

      Abstract: Fine root biomass distribution is usually used as a main competition indicator for fruit trees and crops and a basis for species selection and system design in agroforestry systems. To achieve a rational intercrop selection and density arrangement in the model shifting of Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungenum) plantations, the fine root biomass distribution of Chinese prickly ash and interplanted weeds throughout the soil profiles was measured by an entrenchment method. The underground competition index between Chinese prickly ash and weeds was measured by the niche overlap formula from Levins (1968). The results show that: 1) the average fine root (≤1 mm) biomass of Chinese prickly ash and weeds were 0.40 and 0.97 mg/cm3, respectively and the amount of weed roots was 242.0% of that of Chinese prickly ash roots; 2) the fine root biomass of Chinese prickly ash and weeds presented a even distribution with distances from trees at 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm and 150 cm (P0.05), but the amount of fine roots of weeds at all distances was more than that of Chinese prickly ash (P0.05), and the competition index of weeds for Chinese prickly ash at all distances was significantly higher than that of Chinese prickly ash for weeds at 0.05 levels except for the distance at 30 cm; 3) at soil depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, 20-25 cm and 25-30 cm, the fine root biomass of Chinese prickly ash was evenly distributed (P0.05), but those of weeds decreased with increasing depths. The fine root of weeds throughout the soil profiles were grouped into two areas according to the distribution of fine weed root biomass: the main area at 0-15 cm depth where fine root biomass occupied 81.1% of total fine root of weeds and the other at 15-30 cm where fine root biomass occupied 18.9%. The competition index of weeds for Chinese prickly ash at each soil layer was clearly higher than that of Chinese prickly ash for weeds at 0.05 levels except for at 25-30 cm depth. Based on the distribution of fine root biomass of Chinese prickly ash and weeds and the underground competition index between them, the intercrops selection, the pattern of density arrangement as well as nutrient and water management were discussed for the model shifting of Chinese prickly ash plantation in the conversion of cropland to forests in the hilly region of the Sichuan Basin. 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