天然东北红豆杉枝中紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量变化特征
Characteristics of paclitaxel and cephalomannine content changing in the branches of natural Japanese yew
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摘要: 为研究天然东北红豆杉枝中紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱的积累特点，系统采集了不同年龄、不同性别、不同营养时期和不同坡向的天然东北红豆杉枝样品，利用反相高效液相色谱对当年生、2年生和多年生枝中紫杉醇及三尖杉宁碱含量进行测定分析。结果表明：1)随树龄增加枝中的紫杉醇含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，而三尖杉宁碱含量随树龄增加而降低；2)雌株和雄株枝中两种紫杉烷类物质含量只在较大径级（60 cm）时有明显差异，即雌株中含量低于雄株，而在60 cm径级范围内，雌株和雄株间两种物质含量没有显著差异；3)随着营养时期的变化，从4月到10月，枝中两种紫杉烷类物质的含量整体呈先上升后下降并趋于稳定的变化趋势，其中紫杉醇含量在8、9月达到峰值，三尖杉宁碱含量在7、8月达到峰值；4)在不同坡向上，只有在较小径级植株的当年生枝中，阳坡两种物质含量高于阴坡，而在较大径级时无显著差异。Abstract: In order to find out the characteristics of paclitaxel and cephalomannine in the branch of natural Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata), the branch samples of natural Japanese yew were collected from Muling National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province in different ages, sexes, months and site factors (slope aspects), and the content of paclitaxel and cephalomannine in the currentyear branches, the biennial branches and the perennial branches were measured with RPHPLC. The results were shown as follows: 1)for all of the branches of Japanese yew, the content of paclitaxel increased at the beginning and then decreased with age increasing, while that of cephalomannine decreased with age increasing. 2)When the DBH (diameter at breast height) was lower than 60 cm, there was no significant difference in the branch contents of paclitaxel and cephalomannine from trees sexes. But when the DBH was higher than 60 cm, higher paclitaxel and cephalomannine content was found in male trees than female trees. 3)For all of the branches, the content of paclitaxel and cephalomannine increased at the beginning and then decreased from April to October annually, and the maximum content of paclitaxel was found in August and September, meanwhile, that of cephalomannine was found in July and August. 4)For the currentyear branches, the content of paclitaxel and cephalomannine was affected by the site factors obviously. About the paclitaxel, the currentyear branches of Japanese yew individuals on sunny slope had higher content than that on shady slope when DBH was lower than 45 cm, and concerning cephalomannine, the limiting condition of DBH reduced to 30 cm. There was no significant effects of slope aspect on the content of paclitaxel and cephalomannine in the biennial and perennial branches.
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