基于DEM的黄土高原典型流域特征参数分析
Characteristic parameters of typical watershed based on DEM in the Loess Plateau, northern China
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摘要: 以山西吉县蔡家川流域为研究对象，提取其流域特征及河道特征，统计分析各特征值随流域面积尺度大小而变化的规律。结果表明：随流域面积增大，河道干流长度、干支流总长度、河道弯曲系数、流域形状系数均增大，河道不对称系数、流域平均高程均减小，河网密度、河道比降、平均坡度均先减小后趋于稳定；研究地区虽对洪水具有微弱的自我调节能力，但河道比降应该控制在6.1%以下,河网密度应控制在0.58 km/km2以下，故面积小于10 km2的小流域应为研究区水土流失治理的核心区域；坡度在25°以上的土地面积约占整个流域面积的52%左右，易发生洪水，需大力加强水土保持。Abstract: Watershed features and stream features derived from DEM (digital elevation model) of Caijiachuan Watershed in Jixian County of Shanxi Province, northern China were extracted and statistically analyzed. The results showed that: with watershed area increasing, the length of main stream, overall length of main stream and branch, meander coefficient and the coefficient of basin shape all increased; the basin asymmetry factor and average elevation both decreased; the drainage density, stream gradient and average slope decreased at the beginning and then stayed stable. With weak ability to prevent from flooding, the study area must be protected urgently for the severe soil erosion. Concretely, the stream gradient should be controlled under 6.1%, the drainage density below 058 km/km2, and the watershed under 10 km2 must be the key to deal with the water and soil conservation in Caijiachuan Watershed. The area with slope above 25° occupied 52% of the overall area, so flooding is apt to take place there and the conservation of soil and water should be paid more attention to.
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Keywords:
- DEM (digital elevation model) /
- watershed feature /
- stream feature /
- area scale
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