北京山区主要针叶林可燃物空间连续性研究——可燃物垂直连续性与树冠火发生
Spatial continuity of fuels in major coniferous forests in Beijing mountainous area: fuel vertical continuity and crown fire occurrence.
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摘要: 以北京山区主要针叶林（侧柏林和油松林）为研究对象，通过对林分中乔木、灌木、草本和枯枝落叶层的可燃物负荷量进行调查与分析，定量研究了森林可燃物的垂直分布规律。根据各可燃物种类负荷量垂直分布和树冠火发生的关系，建立了可燃物垂直连续性指数和评估等级，对2个针叶林的树冠火发生的危险性进行了评估与分析。结果表明：侧柏林发生树冠火的可能性较高，油松林相对较低；从垂直连续性指数看，侧柏林为1.002，高度连续，油松林为0.893，中度连续；侧柏林发生树冠火的危险性大于油松林，说明该指标能较好地描述和解释针叶林的可燃物垂直连续性及树冠火发生的危险性。Abstract: This paper researches the fuel vertical distribution quantitatively through the analyses of fuel loads among tree, shrub, grass and litter in major forests (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis) in the mountainous area of Beijing. The relation between the vertical distribution of fuel and crown fire was quantified by using the vertical continuity indices (C) and ratings. Based on C and ratings, the hazard of crown fire was evaluated and analyzed for two coniferous forests. Results showed that P. orientalis forest(POF) had a high risk of happening crown fires; P.tabulaeformis forst(PTF) had a lower risk of happening crown fires; the fuel continuity of two coniferous forests was evaluated reasonably based on C and ratings, and C of POF was 1.002(high), while PTF was 0.893 (moderate), indicating that the risk of crown fires occurring in POF was higher than PTF. It is also shown that the model can well describe and explain the vertical continuity of forest fuels and the risk of forest fire spreading in vertical direction.
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Keywords:
- fuel vertical continuity /
- flame height /
- fuel load /
- crown fire
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