Abstract: This study was conducted to quantify the impact of biologicalorganic fertilizer (DBF), normal biological fertilizer (NBF) and decomposed chicken manure (DCM) on the ecological environment of winter jujube. Dominant microorganism was extracted from rhizosphere soil of sixyearold winter jujube trees by keeping green method and radish cotyledon weight increasing method. DBF was prepared by compounding the microorganism and DCM. Effects of DBF, NBF and DCM on rhizosphere soil physiochemical, biological characteristics, nutrient content, root exudates, soil organic carbon and its components were studied in Binzhou winter jujube orchards，Shandong Province of eastern China. Results showed that compared with NBF, DBF decreased rhizosphere soil pH, and increased its electric cation and cation exchange capacity. DBF increased available phosphorus, available potassium and trace element content, but it had no influence on soil nitrogen content in rhizosphere soil of winter jujube. Different fertilizers had great effects on soil organic carbon and its components. DBF obviously increased soil organic carbon and humic acids, but it had no influence on fulvic acids in soil organic carbon, correspondingly the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid increased. Besides, DBF increased root exudate content evidently. Compared with NBF, DBF increased total amino acids, total organic acids and total sugars in the root exudates by 40.70%, 32.54% and 59.14%. Besides, compared with other treatments, beta cypermethrin in DBF rhizosphere soil was significantly decreased. However, NBF and DCM had no obvious effects on biological characteristics in winter jujube rhizosphere soil. As a result, normal microorganism had no effect on the ecological environment of winter jujube, whereas microorganism extracted from rhizosphere soil benefited it greatly.