竹结构民宅的生命周期评价
Life cycle assessment of bamboo\|constructed house.
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摘要: 竹材作为结构材料，在加工过程中需要使用一定量的化工材料对其进行改性处理，以达到要求的物理、化学性质，这使得竹结构的环保性能大受质疑。以南京林业大学竹结构民宅示范工程为研究对象，采用生命周期评价方法对其整体环境性能进行评估，并核算出单一的环境总负荷指标，以期为乡镇民宅结构材料的比选提供决策依据。结果表明：资源采掘、运输、生产和建造阶段对环境总负荷的贡献率分别为30.82%、3.43%、52.17%和13.57%。竹结构部分占整栋民宅环境负荷的43.93%，其中主要化工材料酚醛树脂（PF）胶对总负荷的贡献率仅为14.59%,而所使用的钢材对总负荷的贡献率是PF胶的3.21倍。可见，竹结构民宅的主要环境负荷来自传统建筑材料。Abstract: Bamboo, before used as structural materials of buildings, must be modified to meet the needs of physical and chemical quality. In its producing processes, chemical materials are applied and thus its environmental performance has been doubtful. We conducted LCA in this study to quantify the environmental loads and their potential impacts based on a demonstration project:a twolayer bamboo construction village house in the Bamboo Engineering Research Centre in Nanjing. Single indicator of the total environment load was calculated to provide guidelines for material selection. The results indicated that, the environmental load of raw material acquisition, transportation, production, construction phase respectively accounted for 30.82%, 3.43%, 52.17% and 13.57%. In the material constitutes of the building, bamboo structural material accounted for 43.93% of environmental load, including 14.59% of that from the PF adhesive, while the environmental load contribution of steel materials used for the bamboo construction house was as high as 3.21 times of PF adhesive. It can be thus concluded that major environmental load of the bamboo-constructed village house still comes from the most common building materials, such as steel and concrete.
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