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    晋西黄土区典型森林植被耗水规律与环境因子关系研究

    Relationship between environmental factors and water consumption regularity of typical forest vegetation in loess region of western Shanxi Province, northern China.

    • 摘要: 森林植被耗水规律是森林植被对水文过程影响机理研究的基础与核心。以典型黄土区山西省吉县蔡家川流域为研究区域,依托国家级森林生态系统定位观测站,对研究区典型森林蒸散耗水及其环境因子进行定量监测,定量分析蒸腾、蒸发等各蒸散的强度与环境因子的关系,分析研究区典型森林植被结构对植被耗水特征的影响。土壤蒸发实验运用称重法,树木蒸腾实验采用热扩散式茎流计法,并结合环境因子调查,对观测结果进行研究分析, 结果表明:土壤的蒸发量与地表植被状况以及土壤温度有关;树木蒸腾耗水与土壤含水量、降雨量、冠幅、树龄的线性关系显著。综合分析可知,影响森林耗水最直接的因素就是土壤水分的变化,若土壤含水量较小,则森林植被首先满足自身对水分的需求。在造林时,可以根据不同苗木的水分需求以及当地的土壤水分含量对林木种类进行选取,可以有效减少当地森林水分的消耗。

       

      Abstract: Water consumption regularity of forest vegetation is the foundation and core of the studies about forest vegetation on hydrological processes influencing mechanism. In this study, relying on national forest ecosystem research station, the typical loess area of Caijiachuan Watershed of Jixian County, Shanxi Province of northern China was taken as the study area. In order to quantitative reveal the levels of transpiration and evaporation intensity and their relationship with environmental factors, the typical forest water consumption and related environmental factors were monitored in this region. Then the effects of forest vegetation structure on vegetation characteristics of water consumption were analyzed. In this study, the weighing method was used to measure the soil evaporation and thermal dissipation probe (TDP) was used to measure the sap鄄flow dynamics. Combing with the investigation of environmental factors, the data were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) surface vegetation and soil temperature had significant effects on soil evaporation; 2) there was a significant linear relationship between forest water consumption and soil moisture, rainfall, tree crown and tree age. In conclusion, the variation of soil moisture plays the main role in forest water consumption. Forest vegetation satisfies its water needs firstly while the soil moisture is low. To reduce the local forest water consumption, it is better to select the tree species according to their water needs and soil moisture before planting.

       

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