不同灌木覆盖状态下防风机理研究
Windbreak mechanism under different shrub cover conditions.
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摘要: .通过野外观测,定量研究毛乌素沙地西南缘不同灌木覆盖状态下的防风机理。以沙蒿灌木林地和沙柳灌木 林地为研究对象,裸沙地作为对照,用多剖面自计式遥测风速仪连续观测、记录距离地面0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、 4.0、5.0 和6.0 m 8 个不同垂直高度位置的风速变化。通过对风速测定结果的统计分析,绘制3 种状态下的风速廓 线图,并计算风速廓线方程、边界层位移厚度、边界层动量损失厚度和空气动力学粗糙度。结果表明:沙蒿灌木林 和沙柳灌木林在近地层较裸露沙地有明显的降低风速作用,随着风速增大这种作用逐渐减弱。不同地表覆盖的空 气动力学粗糙度随着风速的增大而呈对数减小。当风速较大时,边界层位移厚度比空气动力学粗糙度能更实际地 反映整体观测高度范围内风速降低的状况。从空气动量的角度分析,有植被覆盖的地表空气动量损失比较稳定, 裸沙地的空气动量损失则随风速增大而减小。Abstract: Windbreak mechanism under different shrub cover conditions was quantitatively studied by carrying out a field investigation in southwestern marginal zone of the Mu Us Sandy Land, northwestern China. Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila shrub land were taken as the object of this study. Bare sand was set as control and the wind velocities at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 m height upon research grounds were recorded. By doing statistical analysis of wind velocity measurements, drawing wind profile, calculating the wind profile equation, boundary layer thickness, aerodynamic roughness, we got the conclusion that both A. ordosica and S. psammophila shrub land decreased wind velocity of boundary layer much more significantly than bare land, and this effect decreased with wind velocity increasing. Aerodynamic roughness of shrub land decreased logarithmically with wind velocity increasing. When wind velocity was high, boundary layer displacement thickness would reflect the decrease of wind velocity at observation height more realistically than aerodynamic roughness. Analyzing from the air momentum, the loss of air momentum on the surface covered with vegetation was relatively stable. While the loss of air momentum on bare sand would decrease as wind velocity increasing.
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Keywords:
- shrub land /
- windbreak mechanism /
- wind profile /
- boundary layer thickness /
- Mu Us Sandy Land
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