无线传感网在森林微气象监测中的应用研究
Application of wireless sensor network in forest micro-meteorology monitoring.
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摘要: 研究并实施了面向森林微气象监测的无线传感器网络系统,系统部署在北京林业大学鹫峰国家森林公园,共 计42 个无线传感网硬件节点,网络覆盖面积5 990 m2 ,已采集数据近20 万条。针对林区环境树木遮挡严重而导致 硬件节点通信质量较差、数据包丢失严重等问题,硬件节点的工程部署方式采用之冶字形方案,并提出了用于数据 传输的可靠路由协议、网络拥塞控制机制。系统可以进行标量数据、图片数据的采集,经过数据融合处理最终汇聚 到基站,通过Web 客户端可以远程查验数据以及进行网络远程配置。此系统已持续一年的运行,验证了系统的可 靠性,为森林微气象研究工作提供了精细的数据支撑。Abstract: Aimed to monitor the forest micro-meteorology, the wireless sensor networks (WSN) system was researched and implemented in this paper. This system was deployed in the Jiufeng National Forest Park of Beijing Forestry University with 42 sensor nodes, covering an area of 5 990 m2, and the maximum height difference between nodes reached about 25 meters. To solve the problems of poor communication quality and packet loss caused by tree blocking in the forest environment, we had deployed nodes using a zigzag plan and proposed a reliable routing protocol and a congestion control mechanism for data transmission. Scalar data and picture data will be sensed by WSN and all these data were finally converged to the base station by a multi-hop network. A web client was built to check sensed data and configure network parameters remotely. The system had been run continuously for one year and 0. 2 million records had been accumulated for further analysis of forest micro-meteorology.
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