典型岩溶区不同退耕还林地对土壤有机碳和氮素积累的影响
Effects of different returning farmland to forestlands on accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in typical karst area of southwestern China
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摘要: 为揭示岩溶区不同退耕还林地对土壤有机碳和氮素积累的影响,在花江峡谷地区采集典型坡耕地(玉)、撂荒 地(域)、坡耕地退耕后种植车桑子(芋)、油桐(郁)和椿树(吁)5 类样地的土壤剖面样品,对有机碳、全氮的含量与 密度进行了研究。结果表明:1)研究区表层土壤有机碳和全氮含量均表现为:椿树林地和油桐林地含量差异不显 著(P 0.05),椿树和油桐林地显著高于车桑子林地、撂荒地及坡耕地(P 0.01);2)土壤有机碳、全氮含量及其密 度均随土层深度增加而降低,0 ~ 20 cm 层土壤有机碳和全氮密度分别占整个剖面的36.84% ~ 46.01% 和 35.63% ~44.50%,表现出明显的表聚性;3)研究区有机质分解较为容易、氮素矿质化作用明显,土壤C/ N 介于 9.79 ~13.59 之间,C/ N 水平总体偏低,并且表现为除坡耕地外,4 种退耕还林地C/ N 均随土层深度增加而降低;4) 5 种土地利用类型土壤有机碳、全氮含量均与碱解氮、全磷和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关(P 0.01),土壤有机碳、 全氮含量与pH 值呈负相关(P 0.05)。植被类型和人类活动是影响有机碳和全氮含量的关键因子,研究区坡耕 地退耕后土壤有机碳、全氮的含量和密度均增加,表现了退耕还林还草促进土壤碳库和氮库积累的作用。Abstract: To investigate the influences of different returning farmland to forestlands on accumulation of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in karst area, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and density under five different land use types, including typical slope cropland (Ⅰ), abandoned cropland (Ⅱ), returned farmland to plantations of Dodonaea viscose (Ⅲ), Vernicia fordii (Ⅳ) and Ailanthus altissima (Ⅴ), were studied in Huajiang Gorge Area of Guizhou Province of southwestern China. The results showed that: 1) SOC and TN concentrations in the surface layer inⅣ andⅤhad no significant differences (P 0.05). However, they were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢ(P 0.01); 2) SOC and TN concentrations and density decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The percentages of SOC and TN density in 0 -20 cm layer with regard to the total profile were 36.84% - 46.01% and 35.63% - 44.50%, respectively. This phenomenon showed obvious table cohesion; 3) Soil C/ N ratio was between 9.79 -13.59, generally at low levels. Meanwhile, C/ N ratio decreased with the increasing of soil depth among all the land use types except slope farmland; 4) In all the five land use types, SOC and TN concentrations showed extremely significant positive correlations(P 0.01) with alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium, while negative correlations with pH. Vegetation types and human activities were the key factors affecting SOC and TN concentrations. SOC and TN concentrations and density both increased after returning farmland to forest and grassland, which were beneficial to the accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen pool.
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