摘要:
为研究大熊猫对拐棍竹的取食特性以及大熊猫取食对拐棍竹无性更新的影响,在四川省鞍子河自然保护区
内大熊猫活跃地区的拐棍竹林内设立大熊猫取食样地、模拟取食样地以及对照样地,跟踪对比观测了3 种样地处
理后连续3 年(20092011 年)拐棍竹种群的无性更新动态。结果表明:1)大熊猫取食样地具有如下特征:大熊猫
不取食直径小于7.5 mm 的拐棍竹竿;取食的拐棍竹竿平均竹密度为(10.872.85)个/m2 ,断桩平均高度为(0.79 0.10) m;取食率为(22.203.15)%;取食点距离最近乔木(DBH 10 cm)平均距离为(0.670.29) m。2)2009
2011 年,在没有大熊猫取食的条件下,拐棍竹的年补充率和年死亡率之间以及二者在不同年份之间都没有显著差
异,维持着自身的动态平衡;大熊猫取食会造成拐棍竹死亡率的增加,但同时,取食也能够提高拐棍竹的年补充率,
尤其是在大熊猫取食后的第2 年,年补充率显著高于年死亡率(P =0.000);大熊猫取食对拐棍竹的更新有着积极
的促进作用,但这种促进更新的作用只维持在取食后的3 年内,之后,拐棍竹会恢复原有更新速率。3)大熊猫取食
不仅能够促进拐棍竹更新,并且新生竹竿基径与对照没有显著差异,大熊猫取食对竹林造成的干扰不会影响拐棍
竹的后续利用;拐棍竹无性系种群对大熊猫的取食具有无性系整合的补偿效应。4)模拟样地在2009 年补充率显
著高于死亡率(P2009 = 0.001);而2010 年和2011 年,补充率与死亡率之间无显著差异(P2010 = 0.928;P2011 =
0.538),与取食样地表现基本一致,能够促进拐棍竹无性更新。
关键词:
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拐棍竹
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大熊猫
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取食
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无性更新
Abstract:
Characteristics of giant panda herbivory sites and clonal regeneration of a bamboo Fargesia robusta
following giant panda grazing were studied in Anzihe Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province of southwestern
China. Three types of plots were randomly selected in a panda'summer habitat in 2002: herbivory
(naturally grazed by giant pandas), clipped (simulated panda herbivory), and control. Then, the clonal
population regeneration dynamics was monitored and compared in following three years (from 2009 to
2011) in these three sites. The results demonstrated that: 1) the features of panda herbivory plot were as
follows: pandas avoided eating thin bamboo culms with basal diameter 7.5 mm; the mean density ofgazed bamboo rod was (10.872.85)individuals/m2; the mean height of gazed clums was (0.790.10) m; the rate of panda gazing was (22.203.15)%; and the closest mean distance between the
trees (DBH 10 cm) near herbivory sites was (0.670.29) m. 2) In 20092011, without panda
gazing, there was no significant difference between the annual rates of recruitment and mortality and no
significant differences between the rates in varied years either. The F. robusta population was keeping a
dynamic balance. Herbivory increased can enhance the rate of mortality, however, it also stimulated the
rate of recruitment at the same time. Especially, the annual rates of recruitment was significantly higher
than the mortality rate (P =0.000) one year after herbivory. Panda herbivory can promote regeneration
in first three years from feeding activity, and three years later, F. robusta will return to normal
regeneration rate and maintain the dynamic balance. There was no significant difference between new
living bamboos after panda herbivory and controls. The interference of panda herbivory to bamboo forest
will not affect the future usage of bamboos. Clonal population has compensatory effect on panda
herbivory. 4) In the clipped plot, the rate of recruitment was significantly higher than that of mortality
(P2009 =0.001) in 2009; but no significant difference between them was observed in 2010 and 2011
(P2010 = 0.928; P2011 = 0.538), which was in consistent with the clonal population dynamics in the
herbivory plot. This suggests that manual simulation can effectively mimick natural panda herbivory and
promote the clonal regeneration.
百度学术
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