温度对六斑异瓢虫生长发育的影响

杜文梅; 张俊杰; 齐颖慧; 阮长春

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160195

温度对六斑异瓢虫生长发育的影响

1.
吉林农业大学
2.
吉林省农业技术推广总站

基金项目:

吉林农业大学校内启动基金 201232

详细信息

作者简介:
杜文梅，助理研究员。主要研究方向：害虫生物防治。Email:280114191@qq.com 地址：130118 吉林省长春市新城大街2888号农业现代化综合技术研究所

责任作者:
阮长春，博士，研究员。主要研究防治：害虫生物防治。Email:bio-control@126.com 地址：同上

中图分类号: S763.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-06-06
- 修回日期: 2016-09-01
- 发布日期: 2016-12-31

Effects of temperature on the growth and development in Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Coleoptera: Coccinellinae)

1.
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, P. R. China
2.
Jilin Provincial Agro-Tech Extension Center, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China

摘要

摘要: 为探讨温度对六斑异瓢虫生长发育的影响，分别在15、20、25和28 ℃条件下，对六斑异瓢虫各发育阶段的发育历期、发育速率、发育起点温度、有效积温、存活率及幼虫体长进行了研究。结果表明：六斑异瓢虫在15~28 ℃的温度范围内，发育历期均随温度的升高显著缩短，发育速率随温度的升高而加快，采用线性回归模型对六斑异瓢虫各发育阶段的发育速率进行模拟分析，模型拟合度较高，P值均小于0.05，达到显著水平。温度对1~3龄幼虫体长无显著性差异；4龄时，15 ℃下的4龄幼虫体长只有11.48 mm，显著短于其他温度。温度对六斑异瓢虫存活有一定的影响，随着温度的升高，总存活率呈下降趋势，28 ℃时最低，只有54.53%。综合各指标，适宜六斑异瓢虫生长的环境温度为15~20 ℃，六斑异瓢虫卵、1龄、2龄、3龄、4龄、蛹和总历期的发育起点温度分别为9.84、10.42、11.67、10.21、9.91、10.51、10.37 ℃，有效积温分别为54.49、26.77、19.32、27.35、54.73、73.37、269.77 ℃·d。
- 六斑异瓢虫 /
- 温度 /
- 发育历期 /
- 发育起点温度 /
- 有效积温
Abstract: In order to explore the effects of temperature on the growth and development of Aiolocaria hexaspilota, the development duration in each development stage, development rate, development threshold temperature, effective accumulative temperature, survival rate, and larva body length were studied under the temperature of 15, 20, 25 and 28 ℃. Results showed that: within the temperature range of 15-28 ℃, all development duration shortened significantly, while the development rate speeded up with the rise of temperature. Using linear regression model to simulate the growth rate of each development stage of A. hexaspilota, the fitness was high and all the P value was less than 0.05, reached significant level. There was no significant difference in body length among 1-3 instar larvae under different temperatures. Whereas for 4th instar larva, the larva body length at 15 ℃ was obviously shorter than other temperature, only 11.48 mm. The results also showed that the survival rate of A. hexaspilota was influenced by temperature. With the increase of temperature, total survival rate trended down. At 28 ℃, survival rate reached the lowest value, only 54.53 %. In conclusion, the optimum temperature for A. hexaspilota growing was 15-20 ℃. The development threshold temperatures of A. hexaspilota from egg, 1-4 instar larvae to adults, and total duration were 9.84, 10.42, 11.67, 10.21, 9.91, 10.51 and 10.37 ℃, respectively. And the effective accumulated temperatures of above stages were 54.49, 26.77, 19.32, 27.35, 54.73, 73.37 and 269.77 ℃·day, respectively.
- Aiolocaria hexaspilota /
- temperature /
- development duration /
- development threshold temperature /
- effective accumulated temperature

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表 1 温度对六斑异瓢虫生长发育的影响

Table 1 Effects of temperature on the growth and development of Aiolocaria hexaspilota

温度 Temperature/℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	发育历期/d Development duration/day							总历期 Total duration
温度 Temperature/℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	卵期 Egg	1龄 1st instar	2龄 2nd instar	3龄 3rd instar	4龄 4th instar	预蛹 Prepupae	蛹 Pupae	总历期 Total duration
15		9.40±0.07a	5.61±0.95a	4.49±0.24a	5.20±0.32a	11.33±0.93a	3.13±0.78a	15.23±0.56a	54.38±0.7a
20		5.54±0.11b	2.94±0.34b	2.60±0.12b	2.94±0.08b	5.26±0.35b	2.02±0.35b	8.10±0.09b	29.40±0.65b
25		3.88±0.11c	1.74±0.14c	1.55±0.11c	1.90±0.13c	3.51±0.30c	0.88±0.18c	5.11±0.26c	18.57±0.31c
28		2.88±0.07d	1.56±0.07c	1.13±0.04d	1.50±0.04d	3.12±0.11c	0.77±0.26c	4.14±0.09d	15.10±0.33d
	F	2 890.92	134.52	165.64	850.47	530.86	59.27	2 520.94	10 529.62
	P	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1
注：表中数值为平均值±标准误，同列数字后的小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。P值表示事件概率，P＞0.05表示处理间差异不显著，P＜0.05表示处理间差异显著；F值为F检验结果。下同。Notes: the values are mean ± standard error; different letters in the same column mean significant difference (P＜0.05). P value indicates the probability of the event, P > 0.05 indicates no significant difference among treatments, P＜0.05 indicates significant difference among treatments; F value means F test results. The same as below.

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表 2 六斑异瓢虫幼虫在不同温度下的体长变化

Table 2 Changes of body length of A. hexaspilota larvae under different temperatures

温度 Temperature /℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	各发育阶段体长 Body length of each development stage/mm
温度 Temperature /℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	1龄1st instar	2龄2nd instar	3龄3rd instar	4龄4th instar
15		2.45±0.15	5.08±0.59	7.62±0.12	11.48±0.41b
20		2.56±0.16	5.07±0.12	7.84±0.17	12.57±0.93a
25		2.54±0.13	4.92±0.34	8.04±0.38	12.37±0.55a
28		2.51±0.09	4.94±0.35	7.85±0.60	12.70±0.35a
	F	1.46	0.45	2.23	8.67
	P	0.241 0	0.716 1	0.101 9	0.000 2

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表 3 温度对六斑异瓢虫存活的影响

Table 3 Effects of temperature on the survival of A. hexaspilota

温度 Temperature/℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	卵孵化率 Hatching rate of eggs/%	存活率Survival rate/%			总存活率 Total survival rate/%
温度 Temperature/℃	DPS参数 DPS parameter	卵孵化率 Hatching rate of eggs/%	幼虫Larva	预蛹Prepupa	蛹Pupa	总存活率 Total survival rate/%
15		94.70±5.18	93.33±6.67	93.33±6.67	93.33±6.67	88.38
20		93.27±2.38	93.33±6.67	93.33±6.67	93.33±6.67	87.05
25		93.52±2.84	86.67±8.16	80.00±8.16	80.00±8.16	74.82
28		90.88±2.55	66.6±10.54	60.00±12.47	60.00±12.47	54.53
	F	0.65	2.39	3.19	3.19
	P	0.602 4	0.107 0	0.052 1	0.052 1

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表 4 六斑异瓢虫发育速率与温度的预测模型

Table 4 Forecasting models of development rates of A. hexaspilota under different temperatures

发育阶段 Development stage	线性回归模型 Linear regression model	F	P	决定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)
卵Egg	V=-0.170 8+0.017 9T	81.75	0.012 0	0.976 1
1龄1st instar	V=-0.379 9+0.036 9T	174.01	0.005 7	0.988 6
2龄2nd instar	V=-0.568 6+0.050 1T	62.11	0.015 7	0.968 8
3龄3rd instar	V=-0.366 6+0.036 3T	232.41	0.004 3	0.991 5
4龄4th instar	V=-0.177 9+0.018 1T	247.51	0.004 0	0.992 0
预蛹Prepupa	V=-0.971 6+0.081 1T	37.44	0.025 7	0.949 3
蛹Pupa	V=-0.142 1+0.013 6T	523.74	0.001 9	0.996 2
总历期Total duration	V=-0.038 1+0.003 7T	504.66	0.002 0	0.996 1

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表 5 六斑异瓢虫发育起点温度和有效积温

Table 5 Development threshold temperature and the effective accumulative temperature of A. hexaspilota

发育阶段 Development stage	发育起点温度 Development threshold temperature/℃	有效积温/(℃·d) Effective accumulated temperature/(℃·day)
卵Egg	9.84	54.49
1龄1st instar	10.42	26.77
2龄2nd instar	11.67	19.32
3龄3rd instar	10.21	27.35
4龄4th instar	9.91	54.73
预蛹Prepupa	12.49	11.70
蛹Pupa	10.51	73.37
总历期Total duration	10.37	269.77

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