Status and prospect of improved variety selection in Eucommia ulmoides.
-
摘要: 杜仲是我国特有的传统中药材,也是极具潜力的温带胶源树种,在制药、制胶等产业化开发方面具有巨大的利用价值。该文综述了杜仲种质资源收集、保存及性状遗传变异评价,杜仲选择育种、杂交育种和多倍体育种技术与良种选育,以及杜仲无性系繁殖技术等研究现状,指出面向立地条件较差、劳力资源紧张的杜仲栽培地区,发展杜仲栽培以及制药、制胶产业,仍然以数量巨大、收集容易、成本低廉的叶片作为生产原料最为切实可行。在杜仲良种选育中,利用多倍体代谢产物增加等特性,通过诱导配子染色体加倍获得杂种三倍体,则是大幅度提高杜仲叶片含胶量、药效成分含量以及植株产叶量最具希望的途径。在未来杜仲多倍体育种中,应加强杜仲叶片含胶量、药效成分含量等目标性状配合力高的杂交亲本选配,在利用基因剂量效应带来的倍性优势同时,充分利用异源配子结合产生的杂种优势;创制简便易行、成本低廉的杜仲胶、药效成分等次生代谢产物检测技术方法,提高优良无性系选择效率和效果;研发技术环节简约、出圃快、苗木幼化、成本低廉的杜仲无性繁殖技术,加快良种规模生产。可以预见,随着杜仲三倍体的选育成功,通过一轮次多倍体育种过程实现杜仲多目标性状综合改良,必将更为有力地促进以制药、制胶为核心的杜仲绿色循环经济的高效发展。Abstract: Eucommia ulmoides is not only an unique Chinese traditional medicine, but also a potential temperate rubber resource tree species, which has great value in industrialization exploitation of pharmaceutical and rubber production. In this paper, status of collection and conservation of germplasm resources, evaluation of genetic variation in traits, selection breeding, cross breeding, polyploidy breeding and vegetative propagation of varieties in E. ulmoides were reviewed. Leaves with many advantages, such as large quantity, low cost, easy to collect, are the best raw material for pharmaceutical and rubber production when Eucommia spp. plantations were developed in some regions with poor site conditions and labor resource shortage. Because polyploidy breeding could result in an increasing content of secondary metabolites, triploid hybrid production by gametic chromosome doubling may be the most promising way to greatly improve the rubber content and medicinal components of leaves and leaf yield. In future polyploid breeding of E. ulmoides, we should focus on selecting crossing parents with higher combining ability in rubber content and medicinal composition content of leaves. Not only ploidy advantages resulting from gene dosage effects but also heterosis derived from allogametes fusing can be fully utilized. To increase the efficiency of clonal selection, developing a detection techniques with simple and low cost characteristics for secondary metabolites, such as E. ulmoides rubber, active ingredients, is necessary and required. A simple and rapid vegetative propagation technique characterized with low cost is also required to shorten the period of seedling cultivation and speed up high quality seedling production of improved varieties. With the successful development of triploid E. ulmoides, it is predictable that multiple trait improvement via one round polyploidy breeding will promote the development of green circular economy with the core of pharmaceutical and rubber production in China.
-
-
[1] 周政贤. 中国杜仲 [M]. 贵阳: 贵州科技出版社, 1993. [1] ZHOU Z X. The Eucommia ulmoides in China [M]. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press, 1993.
[2] LI F D, DU H Y. Eucommia ulmoides [M]. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2001.
[2] 李芳东, 杜红岩. 杜仲 [M]. 北京: 中国中医药出版社, 2001. [3] 李浚明, 陈光友. 杜仲的研究与开发[J]. 生物学通报, 1996, 31(6): 43-44. [3] LI J M, CHEN G Y. Study on Eucommia ulmoides and its development prospect [J]. Bulletin of Biology, 1996, 31(6): 43-44.
[4] 陈品良, 吴俊元, 贺善安. 杜仲种质资源的现状及保护对策 [J]. 植物资源与环境, 1992, 1(4): 6-11. [4] CHEN P L, WU J Y, HE S A. The persent status and conservation strategies for Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 1992, 1(4): 6-11.
[5] 杜红岩, 胡文臻, 俞锐. 杜仲产业绿皮书: 中国杜仲橡胶资源与产业发展报告(2013)[R]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2013. [5] DU H Y, HU W Z, YU R. Green book of Eucommia ulmoides industry: report on development of gutta-percha resources and industry in China (2013) [R]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China), 2013.
[6] DU H Y. Discussion on industry development and exploration potential of gutta-percha resource in China[J].Nonwood Forest Research, 2010(3): 1-6.
[6] 杜红岩. 我国的杜仲胶资源及其开发潜力与产业发展思路 [J]. 经济林研究, 2010(3): 1-6. [7] 李冉, 齐芪, 李赟, 等. HPLC-MS/MS检测杜仲中绿原酸等4种活性成分的分析方法 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(6): 123-129. [7] LI R, QI Q, LI Y,et al. A method of HPLC-MS/MS to determine chlorogenic acid and other three kinds of active components in Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(6): 123-129.
[8] 严瑞芳. 杜仲胶研究进展及发展前景 [J]. 化学进展, 1995, 7(1):65-71. [8] YAN R F. Prospects and research progress on Eucommia ulmoides gum [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 1995, 7(1): 65-71.
[9] ZHOU Z K, MOMOHARA A. Fossil history of some endemic seed plants of East Asia and its phytogeographical significance [J]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2005, 27(5): 449-470.
[9] 周浙昆, MOMOLARA A. 一些东亚特有种子植物的化石历史及其植物地理学意义 [J]. 云南植物研究, 2005, 27(5): 449-470. [10] 史筱麟, 李勇民. 大力发展与合理利用我省的杜仲资源 [J]. 贵州林业科技, 1985(4): 79-82. [10] SHI X L, LI Y M. The development and utilization of Eucommia ulmoides resource in Guizhou Province [J]. Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology, 1985(4): 79-82.
[11] 邓建云, 李建强, 黄宏文. 一株具有特异AFLP指纹图谱的杜仲古树 [J]. 武汉植物学研究, 2006, 24(6): 509-513. [11] DENG J Y, LI J Q, HUANG H W. Discovery of an originally wild tree of Eucommia ulmoides by AFLP fingerprinting [J]. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 2006, 24(6): 509-513.
[12] DU H Y, DU L Y, LI F H,et al. Variation dynamic of gutta-percha content characters in barks from different producing areas associated with Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(5): 186-190.
[12] 杜红岩, 杜兰英, 李福海, 等. 不同产地杜仲树皮含胶特性的变异规律 [J].林业科学, 2004, 40(5): 186-190. [13] DU H Y, SUN X Y, DU L Y,et al. Variation of gutta-percha content characteristics of leaves of Eucommia ulmoides in different areas [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(5): 103-106.
[13] 杜红岩, 孙向阳, 杜兰英, 等. 不同产地杜仲叶含胶特性的变异规律[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(5): 103-106. [14] DU H Y, LI F D, DU L Y,et al. Difference of Samaras form characters and gutta-percha content from different producing areas associated with Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006,42(3): 35-39.
[14] 杜红岩, 李芳东, 杜兰英, 等. 不同产地杜仲果实形态特征及含胶量的差异性研究 [J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(3): 35-39. [15] TANG S J, SHENG N, LU C G,et al. The contents of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides leaves among provenances[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 1999, 8(1): 59-60.
[15] 汤诗杰, 盛宁, 陆长根, 等. 不同地理种源杜仲叶片中绿原酸和总黄酮的含量 [J]. 植物资源与环境, 1999, 8(1): 59-60. [16] 汤诗杰, 贺善安, 盛宁, 等. 不同地理种源杜仲叶片中丁香脂素二糖甙和京尼平甙酸含量的分析 [J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2004, 13(2): 58-59. [16] TANG S J, HE S A, SHENG N,et al. The content analysis of syringaresnol diglucoside and geniposidic acid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves of different provenances [J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2004, 13(2): 58-59.
[17] ZHANG B Y, ZHANG K J, WANG Y Q,et al. The selection of fine germplasm regions and variant types of Eucommia ulmoides[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2003, 18(4): 32-34.
[17] 张博勇, 张康健, 王亚琴, 等. 杜仲优良种源区与类型选择的研究 [J]. 西北林学院学报, 2003, 18(4): 32-34. [18] HU D J. The Eucommia ulmoides in Hunan Province[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 1952(2): 26-27.
[18] 胡笃敬. 湖南的杜仲 [J] . 植物生理学通讯, 1952(2): 26-27. [19] 朱景乐, 杜红岩, 李芳东, 等. 3个杜仲品种叶片性状及活性成分质量分数 [J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2014, 42(3): 42-44. [19] ZHU J L, DU H Y, LI F D, et al. Leaf traits and active component content in three varieties of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2014, 42(3): 42-44.
[20] WANG A Q, HUANG L Q, SHAO A J,et al. Genetic diversity of Eucommia ulmoides by RAPD analysis[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2006, 31(19): 1583-1586.
[20] 王瑷琦, 黄璐琦, 邵爱娟, 等.孑遗植物杜仲的遗传多样性RAPD分析和保护策略研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2006, 31(19): 1583-1586. [21] DU H Y, ZHANG Z Y, LIU B D,et al. Selection and breeding of five excellent clones of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 1994, 9(4): 27-31.
[21] YAO X H, DENG J Y, HUANG H W. Genetic diversity in Eucommia ulmoides, an endangered traditional Chinese medicinal plant [J]. Conservation Genetics, 2012, 13(6): 1499-1507.
[22] 杜红岩, 张再元, 刘本端, 等. 华仲1号等5个杜仲优良无性系的选育 [J].西北林学院学报, 1994, 9(4): 27-31. [22] ZHANG B Y, ZHANG K J, ZHANG T,et al. Reaserches on the selection and breeding of superior of Qingzhong 1-4[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 2004, 19(3): 18-20.
[23] ZHOU S H, LI Z Q, LI Y. Variation of plus tree opening pollinated family of Eucommia ulmoides and primary selection of seedling [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 2010, 25(1): 57-60.
[23] 张博勇, 张康健, 张檀, 等. 秦仲1~4号优良品种选育研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2004, 19(3): 18-20. [24] WEI Y C, LI Z Q, LI Y,et al. Genetic analysis of morphological trait of Eucommia ulmoidesshybrid offspring [J]. Journal of Northwest A F University, 2012, 40(8): 137-143.
[24] 周素华, 李周岐, 李煜. 杜仲优树自由授粉家系遗传变异及苗期初选 [J].西北林学院学报,2010, 25(1): 57-60. [25] ZHU D Y, JIANG J H,PEI D Q,et al. Plant regeneration from dry mature seed’s endosperm of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997, 42(5): 559-560.
[25] 魏永成, 李周岐, 李煜, 等. 杜仲杂交子代苗期表型性状的遗传分析 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2012, 40(8): 137-143. [26] ZHANG H L, LI J H, LI Z Q. Studies on polyploidy induction in vitro of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2008, 23(1): 78-81.
[26] 朱登云, 蒋金火, 裴德清, 等. 由杜仲成熟干种子胚乳培养再生完整植株 [J]. 科学通报, 1997, 42(5): 559-560. [27] WANG Y H. Studies on polypoid induction of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine, 2006(8): 73-76.
[27] 张焕玲, 李俊红, 李周岐. 秋水仙素处理杜仲种子诱导多倍体的研究 [J]. 西北林学院学报, 2008, 23(1): 78-81. [28] 王跃华. 杜仲种子的多倍体诱导研究 [J]. 亚太传统医药, 2006(8): 73-76. [28] ZHANG H F, GUO B L, ZHANG C H,et al. Induction and identification of tetraploids in Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2008, 35(7): 1047-1052.
[29] 张海凤, 郭宝林, 张成合, 等. 杜仲四倍体的诱导与鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2008, 35(7): 1047-1052. [29] GAO P, KANG X Y, ZHANG P D,et al. Corresponding relation between MMC and PMC meiosis of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(1): 60-64.
[30] GAO P, LIN W, KANG X Y. Pollen chromosome doubling of Eucommia ulmoides induced by colchicine [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2004, 26(4): 39-42.
[30] 高鹏, 康向阳, 张平冬, 等. 杜仲大小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程对应关系研究 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2006, 28(1): 60-64. [31] GAO P. Gamete and zygote chromosome doubling of Eucommia ulmoides[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2006.
[31] 高鹏, 林威, 康向阳. 秋水仙碱诱导杜仲花粉染色体加倍的研究 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2004, 26(4): 39-42. [32] 高鹏. 杜仲配子与合子染色体加倍技术研究 [D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2006. [32] MAO Y K, ZHANG P D, SHI L,et al. The optimum conditions for inducing 2n pollen chromosome doubling by high temperature in Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2013, 35(1): 53-58.
[33] ZHANG K J, SU Y Q, LIU S M,et al. Study on a rapid method for vegetative propation of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 1989, 9(2): 102-109.
[33] 毛彦科, 张平冬, 石乐, 等. 高温诱导杜仲2n花粉最佳处理条件研究 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2013, 35(1): 53-58. [34] ZHANG Z Y, DU H Y, DU L Y. Research on shoot cutting technology and rapid propagation of Eucommia ulmoides: the source of cuttings and rooting[J]. Economic Forest Researches, 1989, 7(2): 81-83.
[34] YUN L, WANG Y, WANG P Q, et al. Induction of unreduced megaspores in Eucommia ulmoides by high temperature treatment during megasporogenesis [J]. Euphytica, 2016, 212(3): 515-524.
[35] ZHANG K J, SU Y Q, ZHANG T,et al. Study on the technology for rapid propagation of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Forest Science and Technology, 1992(3): 31-33.
[35] 张康健, 苏印泉, 刘淑明, 等. 杜仲优树返幼及快速繁殖方法的研究 [J]. 西北植物学报, 1989, 9(2): 102-109. [36] 张再元, 杜红岩, 杜兰英. 杜仲嫩枝扦插及快速繁殖方法:插条来源与生根 [J]. 经济林研究, 1989, 7(2): 81-83. [36] WANG J L, CHEN P L, ZHU B C. In vitro culture and rapid propagation of Eucommia ulmoides[J]. Journal of Hebei University, 1996, 16(2): 30-33.
[37] 张康健, 苏印泉, 张檀, 等. 杜仲快速育苗技术的研究 [J]. 林业科技通讯,1992(3): 31-33. [37] LI Y, ZHANG J.Study on tissue culture micropropagation of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, 2004, 32(6): 79-82.
[38] 王俊丽, 陈丕铃, 朱宝成. 杜仲离体培养与快速繁殖 [J]. 河北大学学报: 自然科学版, 1996, 16(2): 30-33. [38] LUO L, ZHAO D G. In vitro culture of stem segment with axillary bud of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Jilin Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 36(4): 12-16.
[39] TANG L, JIN X L. Advance in tissue culture of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(3): 15-18.
[39] 李琰, 张靖. 杜仲组培快繁的研究 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2004, 32(6): 79-82. [40] DU L Y, WANG L, GUO S R, et al. Regulations on grafting seedling technology of Eucommia ulmoides [J]. Practical Forestry Technology, 2014(4): 28-30.
[40] 罗丽, 赵德刚. 杜仲带芽茎段的快速繁殖 [J].吉林林业科技, 2007, 36(4): 12-16. [41] 唐亮, 金晓玲. 杜仲组织培养的研究进展 [J]. 贵州农业科学, 2010, 38(3): 15-18. [41] LIU L J, SHAN C, CHEN S W,et al. Technological route of comprehensive utilization of leaves of Eucommia ulmoides[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(5): 115-117.
[42] KANG X Y. Some understandings on polyploidy breeding of poplars [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2010, 32(5): 149-153.
[42] 杜兰英, 王璐, 郭书荣, 等. 杜仲嫁接育苗技术规程 [J]. 林业实用技术, 2014(4): 28-30. [43] KANG X Y. Thinking and practices for strategy on a new round genetic improvement of Populus tomentosa[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(7): 1-8.
[43] 刘六军, 单超, 陈素文, 等. 杜仲全叶深度综合利用技术路线研究 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(5): 115-117. [44] 康向阳. 关于杨树多倍体育种的几点认识 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2010, 32(5): 149-153. [45] 康向阳. 新一轮毛白杨遗传改良策略的思考和实践 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(7): 1-8. -
期刊类型引用(12)
1. 丁瑜，彭博识，夏振尧，刘振贤，刘楚鑫. 3D打印弯曲根系拉拔力学特性试验研究. 水文地质工程地质. 2024(01): 82-90 . 
百度学术
2. 姚亮华，李敏，赵世龙，陈迅，王跃，曾百功，谢守勇. 收获期黄连原位机械拔取力学试验研究. 西南大学学报(自然科学版). 2024(03): 84-91 . 百度学术
3. 李宏斌，张旭，姚晨，杜峰. 陕北黄土区不同植物根系抗拉力学特性研究. 水土保持研究. 2023(04): 122-129 . 百度学术
4. 郭欢，陈龙，唐丽霞，潘露，阮仕航. 喀斯特区2种护坡灌木单根拉拔摩擦试验. 中国水土保持科学(中英文). 2022(01): 128-135 . 百度学术
5. 甘凤玲，韦杰，李沙沙. 紫色土埂坎典型草本根系摩阻特性对土壤含水率的响应. 草业学报. 2022(07): 28-37 . 百度学术
6. 赵东晖，冀晓东，张晓，李肖，张海江，薛治国. 冀西北地区白桦根系-土壤界面摩擦性能. 农业工程学报. 2021(03): 124-131 . 百度学术
7. 郭欢，唐丽霞，戴全厚，潘露，阮仕航. 土壤粒径对灌木植物根-土摩阻特性影响. 水土保持学报. 2021(06): 83-87+94 . 百度学术
8. 苏禹，刘静，李昊，张欣，李雪松，周丹丹. 土壤饱和度对柠条根与两类土界面摩擦特性的影响. 内蒙古林业科技. 2017(02): 1-5 . 百度学术
9. 舒安平，高小虎，舒晓锐. 岩石边坡植被恢复工程中的客土稳定性分析. 水土保持通报. 2017(04): 184-188 . 百度学术
10. 刘亚斌，余冬梅，付江涛，胡夏嵩，祁兆鑫，朱海丽，李淑霞. 黄土区灌木柠条锦鸡儿根-土间摩擦力学机制试验研究. 农业工程学报. 2017(10): 198-205 . 百度学术
11. 夏振尧，张伦，陈毅，薛海龙，许文年. 香根草根系与土壤接触特性及抗拔模型研究. 水生态学杂志. 2016(04): 36-41 . 百度学术
12. 田佳，曹兵，及金楠，赵元宵，李才华，郭婷. 花棒沙柳根与土及土与土界面直剪摩擦试验与数值模拟. 农业工程学报. 2015(13): 149-156 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(26)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1481
- HTML全文浏览量: 53
- PDF下载量: 55
- 被引次数: 38
下载:
