Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on growth of Amorpha fruticosa and soil environment
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摘要:目的通过观察城市污泥与园林废弃物不同配比的堆肥产品及不同施用量对紫穗槐生长及土壤环境的影响，探究何种配比与施用量的组合下最有利于紫穗槐的生长，以期同时实现城市污泥与园林废弃物的最大化处理，为今后城市污泥和园林废弃物的循环利用提供科学依据。方法本文通过盆栽实验，研究了4种不同堆肥产品(GF、SGA、SGB、SS，即污泥与园林废弃物混合比分别为0:1、1:3、1:1、1:0)和不同施用量(0、25%、50%、75%、100%分别记作CK、T1、T2、T3、T4)对紫穗槐生长及其土壤环境的影响。结果4种堆肥产品在施用量达100%时，对紫穗槐种子萌发表现出一定的抑制作用，SS在各个施用量处理中均表现出较高的抑制作用；在紫穗槐生长初期，与对照相比，4种堆肥产品不同施用量处理均生长较缓慢，但实验中后期，施用堆肥产品的处理组植物生长速度加快，超过对照组植株的生长速度，逐渐表现出堆肥产品的肥效营养作用；施用上述堆肥产品后累积地上生物量和地下生物量均显著提高，最大值分别出现在SGB的T2处理和SS的T1处理；施用堆肥产品能够提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质的含量和土壤电导率，且随施用量的增加而显著增加，并不同程度提高了土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性，改善土壤环境。结论综合分析，施用50%的SGB时，有利于紫穗槐生长，确定其为较为适宜的施用比例。Abstract:ObjectiveThe optimal conditions for the growth of Amorpha fruticosa were determined by observing the effects of different ratio of mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste and different application amount on its growth and soil environment, in order to maximize the processing of municipal sludge and garden waste, and provide the scientific basis for the circulation of garden waste and municipal sludge.MethodA pot-based experiment was designed with four different compost products and different dosages in Beijing. Two kinds of materials were mixed at four volume ratios (0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 1:0, marking as GF, SGA, SGB, SS), and each compost was put together with soil at different volume ratios (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, marking as CK, T1, T2, T3, T4).ResultThe results showed that seed germination of A. fruticosa was inhibited when the application of four kinds of compost products was 100%. SS showed a high inhibitory effect on each application. Compared with the control, the growth of A. fruticosa was slower in the early stage of fertilization, but accelerated at later phase. The growth rate of A. fruticosa treated with the compost products exceeded than treated without compost product, and its growth gradually showed the nutrition effect of organic fertilizer. The biomass of above ground and underground were significantly increased after composting, and the maximum values appeared in T2 and T1 of the treatment of SGB and SS, respectively. The application of composting products can improve soil physical and chemical properties. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter content and soil electrical conductivity increased significantly with the increase of the amount of fertilizer, and the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were improved after applying composting products. Soil environment was improved at the same time.ConclusionThe application of 50% SGB is most beneficial to the growth of A. fruticosa. In summary, 50% SGB is the optimal application proportion.
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Keywords:
- municipal sludge /
- garden waste /
- mixed compost /
- Amorpha fruticosa /
- plant growth /
- soil environment
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图 1 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对紫穗槐种子相对发芽率的影响
GF、SGA、SGB、SS表示污泥与园林废弃物混合物比分别为0:1、1:3、1:1、1:0。T1、T2、T3、T4表示不同施用量(25%、50%、75%、100%)。下同。
Figure 1. Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on relative germination rate of Amorpha fruticosa seeds
GF, SGA, SGB, SS represent the mixture ratio of municipal sludge and garden waste is 0:1, 1:3, 1:1 and 1:0, respective. T1, T2, T3, T4 represent the application amount is 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The same below.
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图 2 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对紫穗槐株高的影响
Figure 2. Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on plant height of Amorpha fruticosa
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图 3 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对紫穗槐累积地上、地下生物量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on the accumulation of aboveground and underground biomass of Amorpha fruticosa
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图 4 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对土壤pH值、EC值的影响
Figure 4. Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on soil pH and EC
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图 5 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对土壤营养元素和有机质含量的影响
Figure 5. Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on the content of soil TN, TP, TK and OM
表 1 供试土壤和堆肥产品的基本理化性质
Table 1 General physical and chemical properties of compost products and soil
供试材料
Experimental materialpH 电导率
Conductivity/
(μS·cm-1)有机质
Organic matter
(OM)/(g·kg-1)全氮
Total nitrogen
(TN)/(g·kg-1)全磷
Total phosphorus
(TP)/(g·kg-1)全钾
Total potassium
(TK)/(g·kg-1)土壤Soil 8.65 139.6 28.16 1.53 2.19 0.93 GF 8.80 775.5 186.82 10.17 2.79 3.65 SGA 8.06 1 239.6 293.35 12.37 7.89 9.56 SGB 8.23 1 352.2 235.89 13.56 6.65 5.23 SS 7.70 1 775.6 259.97 16.86 15.53 12.72 注：GF为纯园林废弃物堆肥产品；SGA为污泥、园林废弃物按1:3体积比混合堆肥产品；SGB为污泥、园林废弃物按1:1体积比混合堆肥产品；SS为纯污泥堆肥产品。下同。Notes: GF, 100% garden waste; SGA, 25% sludge and 75% garden waste on the volume; SGB, 50% sludge and 50% garden waste on the volume; SS, 100% municipal sludge. The same below. 
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表 2 城市污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥施用对土壤酶活性的影响
Table 2 Effects of applying mixed composting of municipal sludge and garden waste on soil enzyme activities
堆肥产品
Compost product处理
TreatmentUr/
(mg·g-1)Pho/
(mg·g-1)DHA/
(ug·g-1)CK 18.86±0.91b 24.07±0.96a 12.12±0.24e T1 17.69±0.86b 21.95±0.39a 28.42±0.22d GF T2 18.76±0.30b 23.38±1.01a 41.42±0.13c T3 19.59±0.85b 23.26±1.23a 84.02±1.23b T4 25.70±1.60a 21.49±2.62a 379.58±3.11a CK 18.86±0.91c 24.07±0.96a 12.12±0.24e T1 18.33±0.89c 23.52±0.19a 89.24±0.17c SGA T2 18.28±0.61c 23.60±1.23a 95.41±0.51b T3 23.16±0.56b 22.71±0.10a 103.20±2.35a T4 29.56±0.62a 22.42±0.38a 58.49±0.96d CK 18.86±0.91e 24.07±0.96a 12.12±0.24e T1 20.17±0.27d 24.82±1.27a 37.75±0.30d SGB T2 22.16±0.42c 24.91±2.86a 54.99±0.64c T3 26.72±0.91b 24.93±0.64a 73.45±1.91b T4 33.32±0.53a 24.71±0.76a 158.80±0.76a CK 18.86±0.91e 24.07±0.96a 12.12±0.24e T1 30.12±1.39d 23.81±0.53a 51.99±0.90c SS T2 36.91±0.54c 23.97±0.83a 160.46±3.46a T3 43.15±1.42a 24.17±0.41a 140.28±5.98b T4 39.59±1.26b 24.09±0.45a 41.49±2.83d 注：Ur为脲酶；Pho为碱性磷酸酶；DHA为脱氢酶。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(P < .05)。Notes: Ur, urease; Pho, alkali phosphatease; DHA, dehydrogenase. Different lowercase letters in a column within a crop mean significant difference at P < .05 level.
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