Temporal and spatial change patterns on soil available phosphorus under an experimental forest fire in Larix gmelinii forests
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摘要:目的研究3种强度火干扰下兴安落叶松林土壤有效磷时间与空间的变化规律及其形成机制，旨在更好地认识火烧迹地恢复初期土壤有效磷营养生境特征，为火干扰森林生态系统恢复提供矿质营养方面的参考。方法以大兴安岭北部寒温带兴安落叶松林土壤有效磷为研究对象，采用网格法布设固定样地、土钻法采集土壤样品、硫酸-盐酸浸提法测定土壤有效磷含量，连续定点观测秋季林火点烧试验前后土壤有效磷含量的时空动态。结果林火干扰后：(1)轻度火烧区土壤有效磷含量未立即发生显著变化而后逐渐升高；中、重度火烧区土壤有效磷含量立即升高而后持续增强；(2)火烧强度空间格局与土壤有效磷含量空间格局在火烧后各时段均极显著相关，而与土壤有效磷含量变化率的相关性仅表现在火烧后即时阶段，在融雪季、雨季/生长季消失。结论大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松林火烧迹地改造和生态恢复初期，土壤有效磷含量升高有利于林地植被恢复。Abstract:ObjectiveThe temporal and spatial change patterns and its formation mechanism on soil available phosphorus were analyzed in the Larix gmelinii forests, which was disturbed by 3 kinds of intensity fire, to understand soil available phosphorus habitat and to provide reference to mineral nutrition regulation in the early vegetation restoration after forest fire.MethodTaking soil available phosphorus as research object, latticed co-coupled sampling method, soil-drilling method, and H2SO4-HCl extraction method were conducted to investigate temporal and spatial variations of soil available phosphorus under an autumn experimental forest fire in the boreal Larix gmelinii forests of Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China.ResultAfter forest fire disturbance: (1) soil available phosphorus of mild burned area was not changed immediately and then increased, that of moderate burned area or severe burned area increased immediately and then increased continually; (2) significant correlation of spatial pattern was between soil available phosphorus and fire intensity at each post-fire time node, correlation of spatial pattern between soil available phosphorus change and fire intensity appeared immediately after the fire, but that disappeared after snowmelt season and rainy season/growing season.ConclusionIn the early years of post-fire forest transformation or ecological restoration, increased soil available phosphorus is advantageous to the forest vegetation restoration of Larix gmelinii forests in Great Xing'an Mountain of northeastern China.
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图 1 林火强度格局与监测点位(黑点)布设
数字2~9表示火烧强度等级，其中轻度火烧区包括2和3，中度火烧区包括4、5和6，重度火烧区包括7, 8和9。
Figure 1. Pattern of FI and monitoring sites (small black dots)
Fire intensity(FI) subclass is marked by number from 2 to 9, mild burning subclass assigns 2 and 3, moderate burning subclass assigns 4, 5 and 6, and severe burning subclass assigns 7, 8 and 9.
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图 2 火烧时间序列土壤有效磷含量
T0为林火点烧试验前1 d，T1为点烧试验后1 d，T2为次年融雪季后，T3为次年雨季/生长季后。下同。大写字母表示相同采样时间不同火烧区之间差异显著(P < 0.05)，小写字母表示相同火烧区不同采样时间之间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。
Figure 2. Soil available phosphorus (SAP) content in fire time series
T0 is the last day before the burning, T1 is the next day after the burning, T2 is after the snowmelt season in next year, and T3 is after the rainy season and growing season in the next year. The same as follow. Within a given sample time point, significant differences (P < 0.05) between the means at different FI are marked with capital letters. Within a given FI, very significant differences (P < 0.01) between the means at different sample time points are marked with lowercase letters.
表 1 各火烧区土壤有效磷含量变化率点位分布率分级
Table 1 Classification of monitoring site distribution frequency on soil available phosphorus changes (SAPC) in burned area
火烧区
Burned area采样时间
Sample time各火烧区土壤有效磷含量变化率点位分布率分级
Classification of monitoring site distribution frequency on SAPC in burned area/%平均变化率与配对样本t检验结果
Average SAPC and paired-samples t test/%-20~-10 -10~0 0~25 25~50 50~75 75~100 100~150 150~200 200~250 轻
Mild
n=20T1 40 60 1.59ns T2 5 20 35 20 10 10 77.41** T3 10 20 30 15 10 10 5 77.30** 中
Moderate
n=27T1 3.70 29.63 66.67 2.58* T2 7.41 25.93 29.63 14.81 14.81 3.70 3.70 75.23** T3 11.11 22.22 22.22 14.81 11.11 18.52 82.34** 重
Severe
n=19T1 89.47 10.53 17.53** T2 5.26 5.26 15.79 31.58 21.05 15.79 5.26 106.27** T3 5.26 5.26 15.79 26.32 26.32 10.53 10.53 109.47** 注：土壤有效磷含量变化率，SAPCTn(%)=(SAPTn-SAPT0)/SAPT0×100；点位分布率(%)，某变化分级统计区间的点位数占该火烧区点位总数的百分率[17-18]；经配对样本t检验分析，ns表示相对于T0时段土壤有效磷无显著差异，*表示相对于T0时段显著变化(P < 0.05)，**表示相对于T0时段极显著变化(P < 0.01)。Notes: SAPCTn=(SAPTn-SAPT0)/SAPT0×100; monitoring site distribution frequency (%) means the monitoring site ratio of number in the statistics classification to the burned area; ns means no SAPC significant difference between Tn and T0, * means significant difference at P < 0.05 level, and ** means very significant difference at P < 0.01 level by paired-samples t test. 
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表 2 时间序列土壤磷有效性与火烧强度相关性
Table 2 Correlation between soil phosphorus availability and FI in fire time series
采样时间
Sample time土壤有效磷含量与火烧强度相关性
Correlation between SAP and FI土壤有效磷含量变化率与火烧强度相关性
Correlation between SAPC and FI回归方程
Regression equation相关系数
Correlation coefficient (r)回归方程
Regression equation相关系数
Correlation coefficient (r)T0 SAP=0.54FI+14.32 0.18 T1 SAP=0.97FI+13.16 0.32** SAPC=2.49FI-6.32 0.58** T2 SAP=1.26FI+23.16 0.37** SAPC=2.70FI+70.87 0.12 T3 SAP=1.29FI+23.49 0.36** SAPC=3.02FI+73.03 0.12 注：**表示土壤有效磷含量或其相对变化率与火烧强度极显著相关(P < 0.01)。Note: ** means SAP or SAPC significantly correlated with FI (P < 0.01).
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