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    王雅慧, 彭祚登, 李云. 豫西浅山区不同世代刺槐林土壤养分与结构特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(3): 54-64. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190263
    引用本文: 王雅慧, 彭祚登, 李云. 豫西浅山区不同世代刺槐林土壤养分与结构特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(3): 54-64. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190263
    Wang Yahui, Peng Zuodeng, Li Yun. Soil nutrient and structure characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia in different generations in the shallow mountain areas of western Henan Province, central China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(3): 54-64. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190263
    Citation: Wang Yahui, Peng Zuodeng, Li Yun. Soil nutrient and structure characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia in different generations in the shallow mountain areas of western Henan Province, central China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(3): 54-64. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190263

    豫西浅山区不同世代刺槐林土壤养分与结构特征

    Soil nutrient and structure characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia in different generations in the shallow mountain areas of western Henan Province, central China

    • 摘要:
      目的探究林木对立地质量的影响是人工林可持续经营研究的重要方向,研究刺槐人工林多代更替经营过程中土壤结构与养分的变化情况,可以为刺槐人工林多代经营目标下土壤地力调控措施的制定提供理论依据。
      方法本研究以豫西浅山丘陵区相同龄级的一代、二代、三代刺槐林及对照无林地为研究对象,对其土壤养分与结构特征进行了比较研究。
      结果(1)本研究中刺槐一代林到二代林土壤养分显著增加(P < 0.05)。在表土层(0 ~ 5 cm)中,有机质、全氮、硝态氮含量分别增加了94.0%、91.0%、169.4%,在10 ~ 20 cm层分别增加了82.77%、61.14%、343.35%,在40 ~ 60 cm层分别增加了53.25%、21.60%、556.20%,一代林地全氮含量在各土层由浅到深分别为0.63、0.39、0.29、0.28 g/kg。刺槐二代林和三代林土壤养分含量整体差异不显著。与对照地相比,刺槐一代林地的有机质、全氮、全磷含量均显著低于对照(P < 0.05),但对照地的硝态氮含量显著低于一代林地(P < 0.05)。土壤表层养分含量高于深层,且随世代的增加养分含量在上层土壤的增量大于深层土壤。从化学计量学角度分析,各土层中一代林地的C/P、N/P都表现出高于二、三代林地。相比于有机质和全氮含量,随世代增加过程中C/N值较为稳定,深土层的C/P与N/P较稳定。从一代林到三代林,表土层和10 ~ 20 cm层的C/P的增幅大于N/P的增幅。(2)从土壤密度、孔隙度、团聚体反映的土壤结构性看,非毛管孔隙度在10 ~ 20 cm处,二代林地、三代林地相比于一代林地分别增加了11.4%,21.4%,在40 ~ 60 cm层也随世代增加呈上升趋势。土层越深各代际林地间土壤密度变化幅度越大,除表土层外,土壤密度在其他各土层随世代总体呈下降趋势。各样地土壤表层水稳性团聚体数量及稳定性表现为对照地 > 二、三代林地 > 一代林地。从整体上看,土壤结构表层优于深层,二、三代林地优于一代林地。(3)基于土壤养分与结构性质的主成分分析表明,林木对深层土壤的作用明显,二、三代林地土壤状况显著优于一代林,二代林地的表层土壤性质优于三代,深层土壤三代优于二代。
      结论在豫西浅山区,刺槐林经营世代更替对土壤养分和结构有明显的影响,一代林到二代林经营过程中土壤养分含量显著增加,表层养分增量大于深层,土壤结构得到改善,经营到三代林维持相对稳定。在世代增加过程中碳素比氮素积累的速度快,且碳氮的供应能力小于磷,代际更替过程中存在着养分失衡加重的问题。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveExploring the impact of tree on site quality is an important research field to sustainable management of plantations. Studying the soil structure and nutrient changes of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations during the process of multi-generation replacement management can provide theoretical basis for formulating control measures on soil fertility under the multi-generation management object of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations.
      MethodIn this study, the comparison research in soil nutrients and structure characteristics was carried out on 1−3 generations of Robinia pseudoacacia forest and non-forest land of the same age in the shallow hilly area of western Henan Province, central China.
      Result(1) The content of soil nutrients in the second generation Robinia pseudoacacia woodlands was significantly higher than that in the first generation one (P < 0.05). In the topsoil layer (0−5 cm), the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the second generation woodlands increased by 94.0%, 91.0% and 169.4%, respectively, increased by 82.77%, 61.14%, and 343.35%, respectively in the 10−20 cm deep soil layer, and increased by 53.25%, 21.60% and 556.20%, respectively in the 40−60 cm deep soil layer compared with those in the first generation woodlands. The total nitrogen content in each soil layer was 0.63, 0.39, 0.29 and 0.28 g/kg from the surface to deep layer for 1st generation Robinia pseudoacacia forestland. Totally, there was no significant difference in soil nutrient content between the second and third generation of Robinia pseudoacacia woodlands. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the first generation Robinia pseudoacacia woodlands was all significantly lower than that in the control land (P < 0.05), while the content of nitrate nitrogen in the control land was significantly lower than that in the first generation woodlands (P < 0.05). Nutrient content in the surface soil layer was higher than that in the deeper layer, and with generation increasing, the increment of nutrient content in the upper layer was greater than that in the deeper layer. From the perspective of stoichiometry, in each soil layer, C/P and N/P in the first generation woodlands were higher than those in the second and third generation woodlands. Compared with organic matter and total nitrogen contents, C/N value was relatively stable with generation increasing. C/P and N/P in the deeper soil layer were relatively stable. C/P showed a stronger increase compared with N/P in the topsoil layer and 10−20 cm deep soil layer from the the first generation forest to the third generation forest. (2) In terms of soil structure reflected by soil bulk density, porosity and aggregates, non-capillary porosity at the depth of 10−20 cm in the second generation and third generation woodlands increased by 11.4% and 21.4%, respectively compared with the first generation woodlands. It also showed an upward trend at the depth of 40−60 cm with generation increasing. The deeper the soil layer was, the greater the change range of soil bulk density was among intergenerational forestlands. Except for the surface layer, generally the soil density showed a decreasing trend in the other layers with generation increasing. The quantity and stability of soil surface water stable aggregates were in the order of control land > second and third generation woodlands > first generation woodlands. On the whole, in terms of soil structure, the surface layer was superior to the deeper layer, and the second and third generation woodlands were superior to the first generation woodlands. (3) Principal component analysis based on soil nutrients and structural property indicated that forest had a significant effect on the deeper soil. The soil conditions in the second and third generation woodlands were significantly better than those in the first generation woodlands. The surface soil properties in the second generation woodlands were better than those in the third generation woodlands, while the deeper soil properties in the third generation woodlands were better than those in the second generation woodlands.
      ConclusionIn the shallow mountain area of western Henan Province, the management generation replacement of Robinia pseudoacacia forest has a significant impact on soil nutrients and structure. During the management process from the first generation forest to the second generation forest, soil structure is improved significantly. In addition, the soil nutrient content increases significantly, and the increment in the surface layer is greater than that in the deeper layer, and the soil structure is improved during the process. The soil nutrients and structure in the third generation forest remain relatively stable. In the process of generation increasing, carbon accumulates faster than nitrogen, and the supply capacity of carbon and nitrogen is smaller than that of phosphorus. Besides, the problem of soil nutrient imbalance becomes serious during the process of generation replacement.

       

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