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    姜丽霞, 田赟, 刘新月, 张克斌. 不同放牧方式对草地群落植物功能群组成和结构的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(1): 77-86. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210281
    引用本文: 姜丽霞, 田赟, 刘新月, 张克斌. 不同放牧方式对草地群落植物功能群组成和结构的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(1): 77-86. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210281
    Jiang Lixia, Tian Yun, Liu Xinyue, Zhang Kebin. Effects of different grazing methods on the composition and structure of plant functional groups in grassland community[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(1): 77-86. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210281
    Citation: Jiang Lixia, Tian Yun, Liu Xinyue, Zhang Kebin. Effects of different grazing methods on the composition and structure of plant functional groups in grassland community[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(1): 77-86. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210281

    不同放牧方式对草地群落植物功能群组成和结构的影响

    Effects of different grazing methods on the composition and structure of plant functional groups in grassland community

    • 摘要:
        目的  植物功能群及其多样性是维持群落结构复杂性和稳定性的基础,通过对不同放牧方式下植物功能群组成与结构的研究,深入了解呼伦贝尔草地生态系统植物功能群的构建、分布和环境适应机制,为草地生态系统群落演替方向的预测和永续经营提供科学依据。
        方法  本文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗的家庭牧场为研究对象,分别对禁牧、休牧和常牧样地中草地植被的物种、株数、高度、密度和生物量进行观测,并采用植物生活型和水分生态型功能群的分类方法,分析不同放牧样地的群落特征、功能群的物种组成和综合优势比的差异性。
        结果  研究区内共记录物种35种,隶属于11个科,5种生活型,3种水分生态型。其中,菊科物种最多,占25.7%,禾本科占20%。常牧样地中寸草苔的重要值最高,而禁牧样地中羊草的重要值最高。休牧样地的物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数显著高于禁牧和常牧样地。从植物生活型功能群来看,一、二年生草本功能群在常牧样地的综合优势比显著高于休牧和禁牧样地,而多年生丛生禾草功能群在常牧样地的综合优势比较低。从水分生态型功能群来看,本研究中植被类型以旱生植物为主,其综合优势比随放牧强度的增加而增加,而中生植物功能群则呈相反的变化趋势。
        结论  研究区草地群落中多年生根茎禾草功能群的物种均为中生植物,而一、二年生草本功能群的物种多为旱生植物。与长期禁牧相比,休牧显著提高了草地群落的物种多样性,并促使多年生禾草和中生植物功能群逐渐取代一、二年生草本和旱生植物功能群。因此,科学的休牧制度有助于草地植物多样性的保护和退化生态系统的恢复。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  Plant functional groups (PFGs) and their diversity are crucial for maintaining the complexity and stability of communities. This study analyzed the composition and structure of PFGs under different grazing regimes, with the objectives to reveal the mechanisms underlying the assembly, distribution and adaptation of plant communities, and to provide insights into the prediction of community succession and sustainable management of grasslands.
        Method  We conducted a community survey (species, plant number, height, density and biomass) under different grazing regimes (no grazing, seasonal grazing and continuous grazing) in the Chen Barag Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia of northern China, and then analyzed the summed dominance ratio (SDR4) of PFGs based on life forms and ecotypes.
        Result  A total of 35 plant species were recorded, belonging to 11 families, 5 life forms, and 3 water ecotypes, among which, Compositae had the most species, accounting for 25.7% of total abundance, followed by Gramineae, accounting for 20% of total abundance. The importance value of Carex duriuscula was the highest under continuous grazing, while Leymus chinensis was the most dominant species in no-grazing sample plots. Both Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener index were significantly higher in the seasonal-grazing sample plots than in continuous grazing and no-grazing sample plots. With regards to different life forms, annuals and biennials showed significantly higher SDR4 in continuous-grazing sample plot than in seasonal-grazing and no-grazing sample plots, whereas perennial bunch grasses showed relatively low SDR4 in continuous-grazing sample plots. With regard to ecotypes, most species were xerophytes, whose SDR4 increased with grazing intensity. In contrast, the SDR4 of mesophytes decreased with increasing grazing intensity.
        Conclusion  In the grassland community of the study area, the species of perennial rooting stem grass functional groups are mesophytes, while the species of primary and biennial herb functional groups are mostly xerophytes. Compared with long-term grazing prohibition, rest grazing significantly improves the species diversity of grassland community, and promotes the functional groups of perennial grasses and mesophytes to gradually replace the functional groups of primary and biennial herbs and xerophytes. Therefore, the scientific rest grazing system is conducive to the protection of grassland plant diversity and the restoration of degraded ecosystem.

       

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