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    赵华龙, 刘彤, 张玉红, 张霜, 周志强, 马克明. 中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦跨境区典型物种栖息地变化[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(1): 109-120. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210306
    引用本文: 赵华龙, 刘彤, 张玉红, 张霜, 周志强, 马克明. 中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦跨境区典型物种栖息地变化[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(1): 109-120. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210306
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    Zhao Hualong, Liu Tong, Zhang Yuhong, Zhang Shuang, Zhou Zhiqiang, Ma Keming. Habitat changes of typical species in the transboundary area between China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(1): 109-120. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210306
    Citation: Zhao Hualong, Liu Tong, Zhang Yuhong, Zhang Shuang, Zhou Zhiqiang, Ma Keming. Habitat changes of typical species in the transboundary area between China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(1): 109-120. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210306
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    中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦跨境区典型物种栖息地变化

    Habitat changes of typical species in the transboundary area between China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan

      摘要
    • 摘要:
        目的  金山−阿尔泰山地区横跨中国、俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦4国，因其独特的地理位置，孕育了特有的北亚山地动植物物种和高度的生物多样性。中国境内的阿尔泰山地区已被列入世界自然遗产预备名单，是我国申请世界自然遗产的重点区域。但是，目前我们对我国与其他3国交界区域典型植被类型与典型动物物种栖息地变化状况并不清楚。对这一问题的探讨，可以明确我国所属区域的现状、问题与优、劣势所在，为该地区的申遗工作提供支持。
        方法  通过选取1996、2016年金山−阿尔泰山地区4国交界区域一平均半径为72.95 km的圆形区域为研究区（以将中国境内主要包括喀纳斯自然保护区完全纳入为依据）的遥感影像解译和聚类分析，对比中、俄、蒙、哈4国所属区域主要植被景观类型和典型物种栖息地格局与变化特征。
        结果  （1）20年间，我国所属区域西伯利亚红松面积增加9.32%，高于其他3国，但西伯利亚落叶松与西伯利亚云冷杉面积均有所下降；（2）我国境内区域，雪豹、盘羊、北山羊和雪兔、马鹿的适宜生境面积均有所减少（−18.4% ~ −9.62%），但与其他3国相比，这种变化幅度仍属较低水平。我国境内区域蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚的适宜生境面积略有增高（3.08%），而其他3国境内适宜生境面积均有不同程度下降；（3）聚类分析显示，中蒙植被斑块特征类似，而雪豹、盘羊、北山羊、雪兔、马鹿的适宜生境斑块特征中俄更为相似。
        结论  相对其他3国，我国的优势主要体现在：（1）研究区保存了较大面积的区域代表性植被斑块，且西伯利亚红松林面积有所增加；（2）雪豹、盘羊、北山羊、蒙古野驴、鹅喉羚等重点保护物种的潜在生境面积较大或有增加趋势。劣势主要体现在：（1）与邻国相比，我国境内的西伯利亚落叶松林和西伯利亚云冷杉林面积均存在较强的减少趋势；（2）林栖动物的潜在生境面积有所下降。同时我国境内区域，人工土地利用类型面积增加了4倍，应予关注。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The Golden Mountains of Altai straddle China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Owing to their unique geographical position, these mountains harbor unique species of north Asian mountain flora and fauna. The Altai Mountain in Xinjiang Province of northwestern China has been included in the preliminary list of World Natural Heritage sites and is the key area for China to apply for world natural heritage status. However, the typical landscape patterns and habitat changes for the key species in the border areas between China and the other three countries are unclear. The evaluation of this issue can clarify the advantages and problems of the region in China and provide support for its efforts to apply for world heritage for this region.
        Method  Taking a point of the junction of the four countries in the Golden Mountains of Altai in 1996 and 2016, with an average radius of 72.95 km as the study area, the remote sensing image interpretation and cluster analysis were carried out based on the Kanas Nature Reserve in China, compared the main vegetation landscape types and the habitat pattern and change characteristics of typical species in the regions of China, Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
        Result  (1) During the 20-year period, the area of Pinus sibirica in China increased by 9.32%, which was higher than that in the other three countries. However, the area of Larix sibirica, Picea obovata and Abies sibirica all decreased. (2) In China, the suitable habitat area of Panthera uncia, Ovis ammon, Capra sibirica, Lepus timidus and Cervus canadensis decreased from −18.4% to −9.62%, lower than that of the other three countries. The suitable habitat area of Equus hemionus and Gazella subgutturosa increased slightly in China (3.08%), while it decreased in the other three countries. (3) A cluster analysis showed that for the characteristics of vegetation patches, China and Mongolia were more similar in general. The characteristics of the suitable habitat patches of P. uncia, O. ammon, C. sibirica, L. timidus and C. elaphus were more similar between China and Russia.
        Conclusion  Compared with the other three countries, the area that belongs to China has the following advantages: (1) the study area preserves a large area of regional representative patches of vegetation; (2) the potential habitat area of P. uncia, O. ammon, C. sibirica, E. hemionus and G. subgutturosa is larger or tends to increase. However, the area that belongs to China has the following problems: (1) the area of forest dominated by L. sibirica, P. obovata, A. sibirica, L. timidus and C. elaphus tends to decrease; (2) The potential habitat area of forest-dwelling animals decreases. Simultaneously, the area of artificial land in China has increased four-fold, which should not be overlooked by future conservational activities.

       

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