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    陈汝婷, 陆翰文, 庄宇彤, 杨云朝, 罗雨昕, 迟德富. 农药对土壤微生物种群的影响以及对抗药性菌株的初筛[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(5): 133-142. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210320
    引用本文: 陈汝婷, 陆翰文, 庄宇彤, 杨云朝, 罗雨昕, 迟德富. 农药对土壤微生物种群的影响以及对抗药性菌株的初筛[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(5): 133-142. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210320
    Chen Ruting, Lu Hanwen, Zhuang Yutong, Yang Yunzhao, Luo Yuxin, Chi Defu. Effects of pesticides on soil microbial population and preliminary screening of resistant strains[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(5): 133-142. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210320
    Citation: Chen Ruting, Lu Hanwen, Zhuang Yutong, Yang Yunzhao, Luo Yuxin, Chi Defu. Effects of pesticides on soil microbial population and preliminary screening of resistant strains[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(5): 133-142. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210320

    农药对土壤微生物种群的影响以及对抗药性菌株的初筛

    Effects of pesticides on soil microbial population and preliminary screening of resistant strains

    • 摘要:
        目的  筛选对乐果(有机磷类)、高效氯氰菊酯(菊酯类)和吡虫啉(新烟碱类)有抗药性的优势菌株,探究上述农药对土壤微生物种群生长的影响。
        方法  通过人为施药筛掉敏感菌,采用稀释涂布法和连续划线法分离纯化对农药有一定抗性的优势细菌进行表型特征和16SrDNA的鉴定。
        结果  从农药处理后的土壤中筛选到的优势细菌主要为芽孢杆菌属、金黄杆菌属、假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属4类:芽孢杆菌属中的C3菌株在高质量浓度4.000 g/L乐果和0.100 g/L的吡虫啉处理的土壤中不存在其菌落;不动杆菌属中的C5菌株在0.120 g/L和0.040 g/L的高效氯氰菊酯以及0.100 g/L吡虫啉处理组中均未发现该菌生长;假单胞菌属中的C6菌株在4.000 g/L的乐果及0.050 g/L和0.100 g/L的吡虫啉处理的土壤中无此菌株生长。不同质量浓度农药对土壤菌落均有不同程度的抑制。土壤中细菌和真菌菌落的抑制率与质量浓度之间呈正相关,且随时间推移,抑制率呈递减趋势,第14天仅有0.100 g/L吡虫啉处理组中的土壤细菌和真菌菌落数未恢复至正常水平;真菌中乐果和吡虫啉处理组间,第14天低质量浓度的土壤真菌菌落数显著(P < 0.05)高于高质量浓度的土壤菌落数。
        结论  土壤中存在对乐果、高效氯氰菊酯和吡虫啉农药有一定抗药性的优势细菌,为后续定向培育优良菌株提供理论基础;各农药的种类不同对土壤真菌和细菌菌落数量的抑制程度也有差异,其抑制程度为:吡虫啉 > 乐果 > 高效氯氰菊酯,且吡虫啉对土壤细菌数量抑制程度最高,对土壤真菌影响较小。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  The dominant strains with degradation ability to dimethoate (organic phosphorus), beta-cypermethrin (pyrethroids) and imidacloprid (neonicotinoid) were screened and the effects of the above pesticides on the growth of soil microbial populations were explored.
        Method  The sensitive bacteria were screened out by artificial application, and the phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA of the dominant bacteria with certain resistance to pesticides were identified by dilution coating method and continuous streaking method.
        Result  The dominant bacteria screened from the soil after pesticide treatment were mainly Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter; C3 strain in Bacillus did not have colonies in the soil treated with 4.000 g/L dimethoate and 0.100 g/L imidacloprid at high mass concentrations; strain C5 of Acinetobacter did not grow in 0.120 g/L, 0.040 g/L beta-cypermethrin and 0.100 g/L imidacloprid treatment groups; strain C6 of Pseudomonas did not grow in 4.000 g/L dimethoate and 0.050 g/L and 0.100 g/L imidacloprid-treated soils. Different concentrations of pesticides had different degrees of inhibition on soil colonies. The inhibition rate of bacterial and fungal colonies in soil was positively correlated with the concentration, and the inhibition rate showed a decreasing trend over time. On the 14th day, only 0.100 g/L imidacloprid treatment group did not recover to the normal level. In the treatment groups of dimethoate and imidacloprid in fungi, the number of fungal colonies in the low concentration soils on the 14th day was significantly higher than that in the high concentration soils (P < 0.05).
        Conclusion  There are dominant bacteria with certain resistance to dimethoate, beta-cypermethrin and imidacloprid pesticides in soils, which provide theoretical basis for directional culture of excellent strains. The inhibitory effects of different pesticides on the number of soil fungi and bacterial colonies are also different, and the inhibitory effects are as follows: imidacloprid > dimethoate > beta-cypermethrin. Moreover, imidacloprid has the highest inhibitory effect on the number of soil bacteria, and has little effect on soil fungi.

       

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