油莎豆的抗旱性评价及抗旱生理机制研究

张冰彬; 张琳琳; 于明含; 丁国栋; 高广磊

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210378

油莎豆的抗旱性评价及抗旱生理机制研究

Evaluation of drought resistant ability and physiological mechanism in drought resistance of Cyperus esculentus var. sativus

摘要

摘要:
目的探究不同干旱程度下油莎豆的生理响应、揭示其抗旱机制，可为油莎豆在北方沙区的引种种植提供理论依据。
方法本研究以干旱、半干旱沙区引种的热点油料作物油莎豆为试验材料，通过盆栽控水试验设置对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫和重度胁迫4个处理，其土壤含水率分别为 > 12%、8% ~ 12%、5% ~ 8%和 < 5%，探究干旱胁迫对油莎豆生长和生理生化特征的影响，结合灰色关联度分析和隶属函数计算评价其抗旱能力。
结果（1）随着干旱程度加重，油莎豆的冠幅、果实数等生长性状显著降低，根冠比升高；适度的干旱胁迫可以增强油莎豆光合速率。（2）在不同干旱程度胁迫下，油莎豆的渗透调节、激素调节和提升抗氧化酶活性等多种抗逆生化机制的调节能力有所差异，且根系和叶片对干旱胁迫的响应不同。（3）随胁迫加剧，根系中APX酶活性呈单峰变化，叶片中APX酶活性在重度胁迫下达到最大值；根系中甜菜碱含量持续升高，而叶片中甜菜碱含量呈单峰变化。（4）油莎豆抗旱性度量值为0.468，属于中等抗旱植物。
结论油莎豆具有一定抗旱能力，沙土土壤水分质量分数8% ~ 12%是油莎豆表型生长、生物量积累和维持光合生理活性的最优土壤水分环境，故在半干旱沙区引种需配备一定灌溉条件。

Abstract:
Objective Studying the physiological response and drought resistance mechanism of Cyperus esculentus var. sativus under different drought degrees can provide reference for the introduction and cultivation of C. esculentus var. sativus in northern sandy area.
Method C. esculentus var. sativus, a burgeoning oil crop in arid and semi-arid sandy area, was studied in a pot water control experiment with 4 different drought treatments of control check, light stressed group, moderate stressed group, and severe stressed group (the soil moisture contents were over 12%, 8% to 11%, 5% to 8% and less than 5%, respectively). The morphological structures, physiological and biochemical characteristics of C. esculentus var. sativus were tested, and then the drought resistant ability of C. esculentus var. sativus was evaluated by gray related degree analysis method and membership function method.
Result (1) With drought degree increasing, the crown breadth, tuber number descended significantly. The physiological and biochemical indexes such as net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased under the light drought and then decreased with drought degree increasing, indicating that light stress could enhance physiological activity. (2) Bio-chemistry mechanisms of C. esculentus var. sativus such as osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme system and hormone secretion got activated to resist drought, and they played different roles in the drought stress. The responses of roots and leaves to drought stress were varied. (3) The activities of APX antioxidant enzymes reached peak values under the light in leaves, while under the severe drought stress in roots, the GB content of roots increased with the aggravation of drought stress, while it reached peak value under the light drought in leaves. (4) Comprehensive drought resistance value of C. esculentus var. sativus was 0.468, indicating moderate drought resistant ability.
Conclusion The study suggests that the optimum soil mass moisture content for C. esculentus var. sativus is 8% − 12%, C. esculentus var. sativus can be introduced into semi-arid sandy areas with the support of irrigation facility.

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