造林密度和混交比例对水曲柳生长形质及空间利用能力的影响

肖伟伟; 王龙凤; 王树力

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220172

造林密度和混交比例对水曲柳生长形质及空间利用能力的影响

Effects of planting density and mixed proportion on growth form quality and spatial utilization ability of Fraxinus mandshurica

摘要

摘要:
目的探究不同造林密度和混交比例下水曲柳生长形质及空间利用能力的变化规律，为培养大径材水曲柳人工林提供理论依据。
方法选择帽儿山林场1998年营造的4种不同造林密度（分别为10 000、4 400、2 500和2 200株/hm²）的水曲柳纯林以及两种不同混交行数比（分别为1∶1和3∶3）、造林密度为2 500株/hm²的长白落叶松−水曲柳混交林作为研究对象，调查了水曲柳的生长指标、形质指标和空间利用能力指标，运用改进层级分析法获得综合评价值。
结果 4 400株/hm²、10 000株/hm²纯林中水曲柳生长指标评价值和空间利用能力评价值比2 500株/hm²纯林分别降低3.15%、2.58% 和8.62%、2.58%，2 200株/hm²纯林中水曲柳生长指标评价值、形质指标评价值和空间利用能力指标评价值分别比2 500株/hm²纯林提高21.89%、7.41%和2.94%。混交行数比1∶1和3∶3长白落叶松−水曲柳混交林生长指标评价值、形质指标评价值和空间利用能力指标评价值分别比2 500株/hm²纯林提高12.18% 、9.05%、17.92%和22.98%、12.14%、 25.77%。水曲柳综合评价值从大到小为混交行数比3∶3长白落叶松−水曲柳混交林、2 200株/hm²纯林、混交行数1∶1长白落叶松−水曲柳混交林、2 500株/hm²纯林、4 400株/hm²纯林和10 000株/hm²纯林。
结论随着造林密度的降低纯林水曲柳个体质量显著提高，混交林能显著提高水曲柳个体质量，建议营造密度为2 500株/hm²混交行数比为3∶3的长白落叶松−水曲柳混交林。

Abstract:
Objective By exploring the changing principle of growth, form quality and spatial utilization ability under different planting densities and mixed species proportions of Fraxinus mandshurica plantations, this paper aims to provide theoretical basis for cultivating big diameter wood of Fraxinus mandshurica plantations.
Method Taking pure Fraxinus mandshurica plantations with 10 000, 4 400, 2 500 and 2 200 tree/ha planting density, and mixed Fraxinus mandshurica plantations of 1 line Larix olgensis ∶ 1 line Fraxinus mandshurica and 3 line Larix olgensis ∶ 3 line Fraxinus mandshurica with 2 500 tree/ha planting density, which was planted in 1998 from Maoershan Forest Farm of northeastern China as materials, growth index, form quality index and spatial utilization ability index were investigated and comprehensive evaluation value was calculated by improved hierarchical analysis method.
Result The growth index, form quality index and spatial utilization ability index of pure Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 4 400 and 10000 tree/ha density reduced by 3.15%, 2.58% and 8.62%, 2.58%, respectively than that of pure Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 2500 tree/ha density, and that of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 2 200 tree/ha density increased by 21.89%, 7.41% and 2.94%, respectively than that of pure Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 2 500 tree/ha density. The growth index, form quality index and spatial utilization ability index of mixed plantations with 1 line Larix olgensis ∶ 1 line Fraxinus mandshurica and 3 line Larix olgensis ∶ 3 line Fraxinus mandshurica increased by 12.18%, 9.05%, 17.92% and 22.98%, 12.14%, 25.77%, respectively than that of pure Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 2 500 tree/ha density. The rank of comprehensive evaluation value of Fraxinus mandshurica from big to small was mixed plantation of 3 line Larix olgensis ∶ 3 line Fraxinus mandshurica, pure plantation with 2 200 tree/ha density, mixed plantation of 1 line Larix olgensis ∶ 1 line Fraxinus mandshurica, pure plantation with 2 500 tree/ha density, pure plantation with 4 400 tree/ha density and pure plantation with 10 000 tree/ha density.
Conclusion The individual quality of Fraxinus mandshurica improves significantly with the decrease of density in pure Fraxinus mandshurica, and raised significantly in Larix olgensis-Fraxinus mandshurica mixed plantation, it should be suggested to plant the mixed plantation of 3 line Larix olgensis ∶ 3 line Fraxinus mandshurica with 2 500 tree/ha density.

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