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    王敬贤, 沈隽, 曾彬. 巨尾桉木材气味化合物分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(2): 129-138. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220439
    引用本文: 王敬贤, 沈隽, 曾彬. 巨尾桉木材气味化合物分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(2): 129-138. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220439
    Wang Jingxian, Shen Jun, Zeng Bin. Analysis of odor-active compounds emitted from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla wood[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(2): 129-138. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220439
    Citation: Wang Jingxian, Shen Jun, Zeng Bin. Analysis of odor-active compounds emitted from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla wood[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(2): 129-138. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220439

    巨尾桉木材气味化合物分析

    Analysis of odor-active compounds emitted from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla wood

    • 摘要:
        目的  明确巨尾桉挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)成分和气味特征,阐明其来源和释放机理,为巨尾桉的科学利用提供参考。
        方法  利用气相色谱–质谱–嗅闻(GC-MS-O)技术,测试不同含水率下巨尾桉心材和边材释放的VOCs成分、气味化合物气味特征和气味强度等指标。
        结果  巨尾桉共释放41种VOCs,其中13种是气味化合物,桉叶油醇、樟脑、莰烯是巨尾桉释放的主要单体气味化合物,且巨尾桉心材和边材释放的萜类气味物质差异显著,龙脑和γ-松油烯仅存在于巨尾桉心材。木材含水率显著影响巨尾桉气味化合物中萜类、醛类、烃类和醇类等组分的释放,随着含水率的降低,边材气味化合物释放量总体上呈现下降趋势,心材气味化合释放量则表现出先升高后降低的规律;受含水率的影响边材释放物中质量浓度变化显著的组分是萜类和醛类化合物,而心材释放物中变化明显的组分是萜类和醇类。含水率高于30%时,心材气味化合物释放量显著高于边材,含水率10% ~ 30%时则释放量明显低于边材。萜类是构成VOCs和气味化合物的最大组分,释放出樟脑气味和松香味。醛类化合物是第二大组分,主要贡献果香味。樟脑和果香气味是巨尾桉的主要气味特征,甜花香、杏仁油、松香、皮革等气味起修饰作用。随着含水率降低,巨尾桉边材和心材的气味强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,边材受含水率影响波动幅度最大的气味特征是果香,而心材受影响最大的则是樟脑味。相较于刚采伐的巨尾桉释放出强烈的樟脑味,干燥处理后,樟脑味减弱,与果香相辅相成。
        结论  巨尾桉释放出了丰富的萜类化合物,可以有助于抗炎杀菌,对人体有保健作用;干燥后木材散发出的气味可以使居住者感到轻松愉悦、精神饱满,适合应用于室内和康复景观中。

       

      Abstract:
        Objective  Compositions, odor characteristics, sources and release mechanisms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla woods were clarified in this paper. It could provide reference for the scientific utilization of wood.
        Method  Chemical components, odor characteristics and odor intensity of VOCs released from heartwood and sapwood with different moisture contents were detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O).
        Result  In total, 41 substances were successfully identified. Among them, 13 species were odor-active compounds. The main odorants were eucalyptol, camphor and camphene. Terpenoid odorants emitted from sapwood and heartwood were significantly different, such as borneol and γ-terpinen only detected from heartwood. Terpenoids, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and alcohols composing odor-active compounds emitted from E. grandis × E. urophylla woods were dramatically impacted by wood moisture content. With the decrease in moisture content, the total mass concentrations of odor-active compounds released from sapwood decreased in general, while those released from heartwood firstly increased and then decreased. In all the components, the concentrations of terpenoids and aldehydes had significant changes under the influence of sapwood moisture content, and that was terpenoids and alcohols for heartwood. When wood moisture contents were higher than 30%, the amount of odorants from heartwood was significantly higher than sapwood, and it was in the opposite direction at 10%−30% moisture contents. Terpenoids were the most component of odorants, showing smell of camphor and pine aroma. Aldehydes were the second largest component and contributed mainly to fruit flavor. The odour attributes of E. grandis × E. urophylla timber were mainly camphor and fruit aromas, accompanied by sweet fragrance, almond oil aroma, pine aroma, leather aroma and other scents. With the decrease of moisture content, the odor intensity of odorants form sapwood and heartwood increased at first and then decreased. The fruit flavor fluctuated most significantly for sapwood, whereas the camphor flavor was for heartwood when moisture contents were changed. Compared with the fresh eucalyptus with a strong camphor flavor, camphor odor intensity was reduced and together with the fruit flavor after wood drying treatment.
        Conclusion  Abundant terpenoids emitted from E. grandis × E. urophylla woods are beneficial to sterilization, anti-inflammation and health. These odors from well-seasoned wood could make residents feel relaxed and freshened. Therefore, E. grandis × E. urophylla wood is suitable for application in the indoor and rehabilitation landscapes.

       

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