蚂蚁筑巢对纳帕海面山土壤碳积累及分配的影响

刘攀; 陆梅; 吕晶花; 杨志东; 赵定蓉; 孙官发; 闪昇阳; 李聪; 赵旭燕; 陈志明

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220507

蚂蚁筑巢对纳帕海面山土壤碳积累及分配的影响

Effects of ant colonization on carbon accumulation and distribution in the forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai Wetlands, Yunnan Province of southwestern China

摘要

摘要:
目的揭示纳帕海面山森林蚁巢与非蚁巢土壤总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分的分配特征，为阐明蚂蚁活动对森林土壤有机碳沉积影响的过程及机制提供关键数据支撑。
方法以纳帕海面山云杉—冷杉森林群落为研究对象，比较蚁巢和非蚁巢2种处理土壤总有机碳储量、活性碳组分（微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳）及其碳分配（微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、易氧化有机碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳）的差异，并分析蚂蚁筑巢活动引起土壤理化环境改变对总有机碳储量及活性有机碳组分分配的影响。
结果蚂蚁筑巢显著影响土壤有机碳积累及活性碳组分分配（P < 0.05）。其中，蚁巢土壤有机碳储量是非蚁巢的5.7倍；蚁巢土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳含量分别提高了3.8、2.7、4.0、3.5倍；蚁巢土壤易氧化有机碳/总有机碳均值大小比蚁巢高出0.15%，而非蚁巢土壤微生物生物量碳/总有机碳、颗粒有机碳/总有机碳、可溶性有机碳/总有机碳均值分别比蚁巢高0.43%、3.3%、3.21%；不同处理和土层仅对土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳存在明显的交互作用（P < 0.05）；回归分析结果表明土壤微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳分别解释了96.45%、96.35%、95.13%、94.27%的总有机碳变化；主成分分析表明土壤密度、全氮和速效磷是总有机碳储量的主控因子，而速效氮、速效磷、土壤密度等是活性碳组分积累的主要驱动因子；全钾、含水量分别是颗粒性有机碳与可溶性有机碳分配的主要影响因子。
结论蚂蚁筑巢主要通过改变土壤紧实度、氮磷养分条件等环境因子，进而调控纳帕海面山森林土壤总有机碳储量与活性有机碳组分的分配，研究结果有助于理解高原湿地面山土壤碳积累过程的土壤动物学调控机制。

Abstract:
Objective This study aimed to compare the storage of total organic carbon and the distribution of active organic carbon in ant nests and reference soils and to provide the key data support for expounding the impact of ant colonization on processes and mechanisms of carbon sequestration in forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai Wetlands, Yunnan Provinve of southwestern China.
Method We compared total organic carbon storage, active organic carbon components (i.e., total, microbial, easily oxidized, particulate, and dissolved organic carbon (total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, easily oxidized carbon, particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon), and their distributions (MBC/TOC, EOC/TOC, POC/TOC, DOC/TOC) in ant nests and the reference soils in the spruce-fir community of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai Wetlands. We also explored the ant-induced changes in soil physicochemical properties on organic carbon storage and active organic component distribution.
Result Ant colonization significantly affected SOC accumulation and carbon distribution (P < 0.05). Soil organic carbon storage was 5.7 times higher in ant nests than in reference soil; the concentrations of TOC, MBC, EOC, and POC in ant nests increased by 3.8, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.5 times, respectively. The average ratios of MBC/TOC, POC/TOC, and DOC/TOC in reference soils were 0.43%, 3.3% and 3.21% higher than that in the reference soils. In contrast, the ratio of EOC/TOC in ant nests was 0.15% higher than that in reference soil. The soil layer and treatment had interactive effects on concentrations of TOC, MBC, POC, and DOC (P < 0.05), while there was no significant interaction on EOC. The regression analysis showed that MBC, POC, DOC and EOC can explain 96.45%, 96.35%, 95.13% and 94.27% of the changes in total organic carbon. Principal component analysis showed that soil density, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main controlling factors of SOC storage, while available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil density were the main driving factors of active carbon accumulation, and total kalium was the main influencing factor for the distribution of particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon.
Conclusion Ant nesting mainly regulates the total organic carbon storage and distribution of active organic carbon components in the forest soil of Napa Haishan by changing environmental factors such as soil compaction and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient conditions. These results would contribute to the understanding of fauna regulatory mechanisms for soil carbon sequestration in the forests of neighbouring mountains in the Napahai Wetlands.

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