Properties of plant fibers and their composites modified in situ with calcium carbonate
-
摘要: 为研究原位沉积对竹、杉木、黄麻3种植物纤维的表面改性效果,采用平压工艺制备了植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,并通过SEM、原子力学显微镜、光学纤维接触角测量仪等方法分别表征了植物纤维的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、静态接触角、拉伸性能以及复合材料的断口形貌和力学性能。结果表明:CaCO3原位沉积改性对单根植物纤维的表面性能有显著影响,不仅提高了单根植物纤维的拉伸性能,还改善了植物纤维增强热塑性聚合物的界面性能,增强了复合材料的界面强度。原位沉积改性后,3种植物纤维表面均有CaCO3附着,杉木纤维的CaCO3上载量最高,达16.08%;竹纤维最低,为6.96%。改性竹纤维的表面粗糙度Rq值降低了32.95%,静态接触角增加了1.85%;改性杉木纤维的Rq值和静态接触角分别增加了42.51%、3.12%;改性黄麻纤维的Rq值增加了62.77%,静态接触角降低了0.4%。单根改性植物纤维的拉伸性能均有所提高,相同CaCO3原位沉积改性条件下,改性竹纤维的拉伸强度和弹性模量最大,分别为1 134.83 MPa、37.25 GPa。断口形貌SEM图中,改性植物纤维与聚丙烯结合紧密,复合材料的断裂主要以改性植物纤维的断裂为主,表明复合材料的界面性质得到改善。改性植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸性能得到提高,而且其弹性模量的变化趋势与改性植物纤维CaCO3附着量的变化趋势一致。改性杉木纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料弹性模量最大,为2.28 GPa;改性竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸强度最大,为54.04 MPa。Abstract: To study the effect of surface modification,we modified three kinds of plant fibers (bamboo fiber, fir fiber, jute fiber) in situ with calcium carbonate. The pressing technology was used to prepare plant fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. The surface morphology, surface roughness, statics contact angle (SCA) and tensile property of plant fibers and their composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope and optical contact angle measuring device. The results indicated that CaCO3 in situ modification had a marked effect on the surface properties of single plant fibers, which not only improved the tensile properties of single plant fibers, but also developed the interface properties of plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer and enhanced the interface strength of the composite. After the treatment of in situ deposition, CaCO3 particles were successfully deposited to all three kinds of plant fibers, and the CaCO3 loading of fir fiber was the highest, reaching 16.08%, and that of bamboo fiber was the lowest, 6.96%. The Rq value of bamboo fibers was reduced by 32.95%, SCA was increased by 1.85%, and Rq value and SCA of fir fibers were increased by 42.51% and 3.12%, respectively, while the Rq value of jute fibers was increased by 62.77% and SCA was reduced by 0.4%. The tensile properties of all three kinds of single modified plant fiber were improved, and that of the single modified bamboo fibers were the best, reaching 1 134.83 MPa and 37.25 GPa, respectively. SEM images of fracture morphology showed that the interfacial adhesion between modified plant fiber and PP was stronger, forming a dense interfacial bonding layer. Fiber pullout decreased at the junction of composites, and the damage was mostly in form of fiber breakage. CaCO3 in situ modification developed the interface properties and thus improved the tensile properties of modified plant fiber-reinforced PP composites. In addition, the trend of change of MOE was consistent with that of loading of CaCO3, and the MOE of modified fir fiber-PP composites was maximum, reaching 2.28 GPa, while the tensile strength of modified bamboo fiber-PP composites was the highest, achieving 54.04 MPa.
-
Key words:
- calcium carbonate /
- in situ modification /
- bamboo fiber /
- fir fiber /
- jute fiber /
- static contact angle /
- surface roughness /
- tensile property
-
[1] DOMINKOVICS Z, DANYADI L, PUNKANSZKY B. Surface modification of wood flour and its effect on the properties of PP/wood composites [J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2007, 38(8): 1893-1901. [2] GB/T 742—2008 Fibrous raw material, pulp, paper and board-determination of ash[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008. [3] SAIN M, SUHARA P, LAW S, et al. Interface modification and mechanical properties of natural fiber-polyolefin composite products [J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2005, 24(2): 121-130. [4] GAO J, WANG G, CHENG H T, et al. Effects of in situ deposited calcium carbonates nanoparticles on surface performance of bamboo fibers [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2013, 35(2): 108-111. [5] BANGA H, SINGH V K, CHOUDHARY S K. Fabrication and study of mechanical properties of bamboo fibre reinforced bio-composites [J]. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 2015, 6(1): 84-98. [6] CAO S P, WANG G, YU Y, et al. Comparison of mechanical properties of different single vegetable fibers [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 34(5): 87-90. [7] GB/T 1040. 3—2006 Plastics-determination of tensile properties-part 3: test conditions for films and sheets[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006. [8] DAVOOD M M, SAPUAN S M, AHMA D, et al. Effect of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) on impact property improvement of hybrid kenaf/glass epoxy composite [J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 67(1): 5-7. [9] CHEN H, WANG G, CHENG H T. Influence factors on measuring the contact angle of single fiber with optical method[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 36(5): 129-132. [10] BLEDZKI A K, LETMAN M, VIKSNE A, et al. A comparison of compounding processes and wood type for wood fibre-PP composites [J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2005, 36(6): 789-797. [11] BURGERT I, GIERLINGER N, ZIMMERMANN T. Properties of chemically and mechanically isolated fibres of Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.): structural and chemical characterisation[J]. Holzforschung, 2005, 59(2): 240-246. [12] SHI J, SHI S Q, BARNES H M, et al. Kenaf bast fibers-part I: hermetical alkali digestion [J]. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2011: DOI: 10.1155/2011/212047. [13] LIANG K, SHI S Q, WANG G, et al. Effect of impregnated inorganic nanoparticles on the properties of the kenaf bast [J]. Fibers,2014, 2(3): 242-254. [14] LEE S, SHI S Q. Multifunctional nanoparticles at the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interface [C]. Proceedings of Advanced Biomass Science and Technology for Bio-based Products. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry USDA Forest Service, 2007: 173-181. [15] SHI J, SHI S Q, BARNES H M, et al. Kenaf bast fibers II: inorganic nanoparticle impregnation for polymer composites [J].International Journal Polymer Science, 2011: DOI: 10.1155/2011/736474. [16] XIAN Y, CHEN F M, LI H D. The effect of moisture on the modulus of elasticity of several representative individualcellulosic fibers [J]. Fibers and Polymers, 2015, 16 (7): 1595-1599. [17] GB/T 742—2008 造纸原料、纸浆、纸和纸板灰分的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008. [18] 高洁, 王戈, 程海涛, 等. 纳米碳酸钙原位改性竹纤维表面性能的研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2013, 35(2): 108-111. [19] 曹双平, 王戈, 余雁, 等. 几种植物单根纤维力学性能对比[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 34(5): 87-90. [20] GB/T 1040.3—2006 塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分:薄膜和薄片的试验条件[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006. [21] ASKARGORTA I, LAMPKE T, BISMARCK A, et al. Wetting behavior of flax fibers as reinforcement for polyprophylene[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2003, 263(2): 580-589. [22] 陈红, 王戈, 程海涛. 光学法测量单根纤维接触角的影响因素[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,36(5): 129-132. -

计量
- 文章访问数: 729
- HTML全文浏览量: 75
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0