Effects of γ-ray irradiation for insect prevention on chemical components and machinery properties of Bambusa texlitis.
-
摘要: 竹材的昆虫检疫处理对提高竹材及竹制品的品质十分重要。本文采用60Co-γ射线对青皮竹进行检疫处理,在考察了各辐射剂量的抑虫效果后,研究辐射剂量对青皮竹主要化学成分和力学性能的影响,分析青皮竹化学成分与力学性能之间的相关性。结果表明:辐射剂量越大,抑虫效果越好。在辐射剂量为50、60 Gy时,纤维素质量分数和结晶度均增加,半纤维素质量分数降低,木质素质量分数有小幅增加。当辐射剂量达到80 Gy时,纤维素质量分数和结晶度均下降明显,半纤维素质量分数增加明显,木质素质量分数继续增加。50 Gy剂量下,青皮竹的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量没有显著变化,抗剪强度、抗拉强度有少许增加;在60 Gy的剂量下,力学强度增加明显,其中抗弯强度增加10.7%,抗弯弹性模量增加5.3%,抗剪强度增加16.5%,抗拉强度基本不变;当辐射剂量增加到80 Gy时,材料的力学性能大幅下降,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、抗剪强度、抗拉强度分别下降了46.5%、37.6%、19.5%、33.9%。化学成分与力学性能相关性分析表明:在本文的研究条件下,纤维素质量分数、结晶度与青皮竹的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、抗剪强度、抗拉强度呈正相关,其中受影响最大的是抗剪强度;木质素、半纤维素质量分数与竹材力学强度呈负相关,半纤维素质量分数比木质素质量分数对这些力学强度影响更大。Abstract: Insectile quarantining treatment is very important to improve the quality of bamboo wares. In this study, 60Co-γ ray was used for quarantine treatment of Bambusa textilis, and the effect of radiation dose on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and anti-trichomonas was analyzed. The results showed that, higher radiation dose may induce better anti-trichomonas effect. The content and crystallinity of cellulose increased, the content of hemicelluloses decreased, and the content of lignin increased slightly when given a dose of 50 Gy or 60 Gy. When the radiation dose was increased to 80 Gy, the content and crystallinity of cellulose decreased, the content of hemicelluloses increased obviously, and the content of lignin continued to increase. Furthermore, at a dose of 50 Gy, the flexure strength and modulus of elasticity had no significant changes, and shear and extension strength had a slight increase. The mechanical strength increased obviously at a dose of 60 Gy. The flexure strength, modulus of elasticity and shear strength was increased by 10.7%, 5.3%, and 16.5%, respectively, and the extension strength essentially unchanged. When the radiation dose was increased to 80 Gy, the mechanical strength decreased significantly. The flexure strength, modulus of elasticity, shear strength, and extension strength were decreased by 46.5%, 37.6%, 19.5%, and 33.9%, respectively. Above all, it is shown from chemical composition and mechanical properties that a positive correlation existed between the cellulose (content and crystallinity) and the mechanical strength of bamboo (more effect on shear strength), whereas a negative correlation was found between the lignin and hemicelluloses content and the mechanical strength (more effect on hemicelluloses).
-
Key words:
- γ-ray /
- bamboo /
- chemical composition /
- mechanical strength
-
[1] 余道坚,焦懿,陈志,等. 竹绿虎天牛溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术研究[J]. 植物检疫,2009,23(3):9-13. [2] YU D J, JIAO Y, CHEN Z, et al. Methyromide as a quarantine treatment for Chlorophorus annularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) [J]. Journal of Plant Quarantine, 2009, 23(3):9-13. [3] 何丽华,翁宏飚,牛宝龙,等.60Co γ射线辐照对马尾松毛虫繁殖力的影响[J]. 中国森林病虫,2009,28(1):25-26. [4] HE L H, WEN H B, NIU B L, et al. Effects of 60Co gamma ray irradiation on the mature of Pine caterpillar [J]. Journal of Forest Pest and Disease, 2009,28(1):25-26. [5] 钟国华,陈永,杨红霞,等. 昆虫辐照不育技术研究与应用进展[J].植物保护,2012,38(2):12-17. [6] ZHONG G H, CHEN Y, YANG H X, et al. Advances in application and research of sterile insect irradiation techniques [J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2012,38(2):12-17. [7] 陈海游,张忠和,秦志虹,等. 60Co-γ射线辐射对胭脂虫Dactylopius coccus Costa生物学特征的影响[J]. 核农学报,2014,38(6):1030-1039. [8] CHEN H Y, ZHANG Z H, QIN Z H, et al.The research on biological characteristics of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) radiated by 60Co-γ ray [J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2014,38(6):1030-1039. [9] 周利娟,胡美英,徐汉虹,等. γ辐射对昆虫生理影响的研究进展[J].核农学报,2004,18(1):77-80. [10] ZHOU L J, HU M Y, XU H H, et al. Recent studies on the physiological effect of irradiation on insects [J]. Chinese Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2004,18(1):77-80. [11] MA P P, ZHANG Y A, WANG D Y, et al. Influence of60Co γ irradiation on fertility of Japanese pinesawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleopteran: Cerambycidae) [J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2008,22(1):101-104. [12] 马沛沛,张永安,王登元,等. 60Co-γ射线对松褐天牛生育力的影响[J]. 核农学报,2008,22(1):101-104. [13] WANG J Y, ZHAO G J. Effect of γ-ray irradiation on structure and properties of wood [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2001, 23(5):52-56. [14] 王洁瑛,赵广杰. γ射线辐射对木材构造和材性的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2001,23(5):52-56. [15] LI X. Exploitation, utilization and development of Bambusa textilis in Guangnin county [J]. Journal of Bamboo Research, 2000,19(3):76-78. [16] 黎溪.广宁县青皮竹的开发利用与发展[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(3):76-78. [17] 石淑兰,何福望,张曾,等. 制浆造纸分析与检测[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003:24-49. [18] SHI S L, HE F W, ZHANG Z, et al.Analysis and detection of pulp and paper [M]. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2003:24-49. [19] SEGAL L,CREELY J,MARTIN A,et al. An empirical method for estimating the degree of crystallinity of native cellulose using the X ray diffreactometer[J]. Textile Research Journal,1959,29(10) :786-794. [20] Testing methods for physical and mechanical properties of bamboo:GB/T 15780—1995[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China,1995. [21] 竹材物理力学性质试验方法:GB/T 15780—1995[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,1995. [22] SUN F B, JIANG Z F, FEI B H, et al. Study on chemical compositions and cystallinity changes of bamboo treated with γ rays [J]. Journal of Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2011,31(7):1922-1924. [23] 孙丰波,江泽慧,费本华,等. γ射线辐照处理竹材化学组分及结晶度变化研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(7):1922-1924. [24] SUN F B, FEI B H, JIANG Z H, et al. Study on bamboo treated with γ rays by X-ray diffraction [J]. Journal of Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(6):1717-1719. [25] TANG H T, HA Y M, WANG F. Effect of γ-rays radiation pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw for producing sugar [J]. Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Process, 2011,29(5):307-313. [26] 孙丰波,费本华,江泽慧,等. γ射线辐照处理竹材的X射线光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(6):1717-1719. [27] HE Y L, WANG Y H. Advances in research on radiolytic hydrolysis of cellulose containing in raw materials in USSR [J]. Nuclear Technology, 1987, 10(2): 1-6. [28] 唐洪涛,哈益明,王锋. γ射线辐照玉米秸秆预处理对酶解产糖的影响[J]. 辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2011,29(5):307-313. [29] 何源禄, 王玉华. 苏联植物纤维原料辐射水解研究进展[J]. 核技术, 1987, 10(2): 1-6. [30] SUN F B, JIANG Z H, FEI B H, et al. Effect of γ-ray application on bamboo mold resistance [J]. China Wood Industry, 2011,25(3):23-25. [31] 孙丰波,江泽慧,费本华,等. γ射线辐照对竹材防霉性能的影响[J]. 木材工业,2011,25(3):23-25. [32] SUN F B. Study on irradiation effects and mechanism in bamboo treated with Co60gamma rays[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2010. [33] ZHANG S Y. Chemical components effects on mechanical properties of wood cell wall[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2011. [34] BURGERT I. Exploring the micromechanical design of plant cell walls [J].American Journal of Botany, 2006, 93(10):1391-1401. [35] 孙丰波. 竹材60Coγ射线辐照效应及其机理研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010. [36] ZHANG S Y, FEI B H, YU Y, et al.Influence of lignin content on tensile properties of single wood fiber [J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2011,34(1):131-134. [37] HULT E L, LARSSON P T, IVERSEN T. Cellulose fibril aggregation: an inherent property of kraft pulps [J]. Polymer, 2001, 42(8): 3309-3314. [38] 张双燕.化学成分对木材细胞壁力学性能影响的研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2011. [39] 张双燕,费本华,余雁,等. 木质素含量对单根纤维力学性能影响的研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2011,34(1):131-134. [40] BERGANDER B, SALMN L. Cell wall properties and their effects on the mechanical properties of fibers[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2002,37(1):151-156. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3909
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
