Influence of density adjustment on canopy structure and understory vegetation of the Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi, China.
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摘要: 华北落叶松人工林是太岳山主要的公益林,由于林分密度普遍偏大,林下植被稀疏,林分质量较差。密度调整对于提高人工林质量,增加林下植物物种多样性,维持生态系统功能具有重要意义。本研究在山西太岳山好地方林场典型地段35年生华北落叶松人工林中设置4种密度调整强度(对照处理、20%、30%和50%),研究华北落叶松人工林的冠层结构、光环境特征和林下植被分布对密度调整的响应。结果表明:1)密度调整显著改变了华北落叶松人工林的冠层结构,改善了林下光环境,增加了冠层结构的空间异质性。与对照处理相比,密度调整强度为20%、30%、50%的林分叶面积指数(LAI)分别下降了18.25%、25.76%、37.50%;林分开度分别增加了17.45%、25.37%、42.81%。密度调整强度为20%、30%、50%的林分林下总辐射分别为对照处理的1.3、1.4和2.1倍。2)密度调整改变了林下群落结构,增加了林下植物的种类和数量以及林下植物物种多样性。密度调整强度为30%的林分物种多样性最高,林下群落结构最复杂。3)相关性分析和CCA排序结果显示,冠层结构与林下物种多样性呈显著相关,能够较好地解释林下物种分布的变化,其中,LAI是引起华北落叶松人工林草本层物种组成变化的主要因子,与草本层物种多样性呈显著负相关关系。Abstract: Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations are major public welfare forests in Taiyue Mountain, North China. However, the stand quality of L. principis-rupprechtii plantations is limited due to the high stand density. Density adjustment is therefore of great significance in improving the quality of plantations, increasing the understory species diversity and maintaining ecosystem functions. In order to investigate the influence of density adjustment on canopy structure, light environment and species diversity of understory vegetation, a thinning experiment was conducted in a 35-year-old L. principis-rupprechtii plantation with heavy (50%), medium (30%) and light (20%) intensities and unthinned plots as control in Taiyue Mountain. The results showed that: 1) density adjustment had significant effects on the forest canopy structure and light environment of understory. The spatial heterogeneity of canopy structure was increased following the density adjustment. After thinning treatments at 20%, 30% and 50% intensities, the canopy leaf area index (LAI) was reduced by 18.25%, 25.76% and 37.50%, respectively, compared to the control, while the openness was increased by 17.45%, 17.45% and 17.45%, respectively. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 1.3, 1.4 and 2.1 times that of the control, respectively. 2) The number of understory species and their quantities were increased by changing the structural characteristics of the understory community. The highest species diversity and the most complex structure appeared in the 30% thinning treatment. 3) Correlation analysis and CCA sorting analysis showed a significant correlation between the canopy structure and diversity of understory vegetation. The diversity of herb layer species had a significantly negative correlation with LAI, which was the main factor affecting species composition in the herb layer.
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Key words:
- density adjustment /
- canopy structure /
- light environment /
- species diversity
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