Dynamic changing trend of soil moisture in different micro-topography in loess region of northern Shaanxi Province of northwestern China
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摘要:
目的我国黄土高原地区干旱少雨、蒸发性强，降雨成为当地土壤水分的主要来源，而黄土坡面微地形对降水进行二次分配，因此研究不同立地类型的微地形土壤水分的动态变化趋势，可以为困难立地类型的微地形的植被生长和恢复提供参考依据。 方法本文选择缓台、塌陷、陡坎、切沟和浅沟5种微地形的土壤水分为研究对象，于2010年8月至2013年6月在吴起县合沟流域阳坡上的定位观测数据，利用自相关检验、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、线性回归等方法，分析研究5种微地形0~160cm各土层土壤水分动态变化特征。 结果在检测期间的全年和生长季中，微地形的土壤含水量随深度的增加呈现增大的趋势，其中切沟的土壤含水量相对较高，陡坎最低。各土层的土壤水分存在显著的正自相关性；5种微地形土壤水分在检测期间的变化趋势均不显著，其中塌陷的土壤水分在各土层均有微弱增加的趋势，其他4种微地形的土壤水分在各土层的变化趋势均有增有减；缓台、塌陷、陡坎、切沟和浅沟5种微地形在观测期间的变化速率也有差异，相对而言塌陷的土壤水分变化速率最快。 结论综合分析可得，在监测期间，切沟的土壤含水量最高，但塌陷的增长速率较快。 -
关键词:
- 土壤水分 /
- 微地形 /
- Mann-Kendall趋势检验 /
- 黄土 /
- 陕北
Abstract:ObjectiveIn the Loess Plateau of northern China, rainfall is the main source of soil moisture due to limited amount of precipitation and strong evaporation. In the loess hillslope, rainfall would be reallocated depending on microtopography, that would affect soil water variation. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the dynamics of soil moisture in different microtopography types, which can provide reference for the vegetation growth and restoration. MethodIn this paper, soil moisture in the five microtopography types, e.g. platform, collapse, scarp, gully and shallow gully, was investigated in sunny slope of Hegou Catchment of Wuqi County, Shaanxi Province of northern China from August 2010 to June 2013. The self-correlation test, Mann-Kendall trend test, linear regression methods, etc., were used in this study. ResultDuring the whole year and the growing season in the investigation period, the soil moisture content of microtopography increased with the increasing depth. Among them, the soil moisture content in the gully was relatively high, and in the scarp was the lowest. There was a significantly positive autocorrelation between soil moisture in each soil layers. The dynamics of soil moisture in the five micro-topography types during the investigation period was not significant. The soil moisture in each soil layer in the collapse had a slightly increasing trend, however, the soil moisture in other four microtopography types increased or decreased in each soil layer. The differences in changing rate of five microtopography types were also observed. ConclusionOverall, during the monitoring period, among the five microtopography types, the soil moisture content in the gully was the highest, but the increasing rate of collapse was quicker. -
Key words:
- soil moisture /
- microtopography /
- Mann-Kendall trend test /
- loess /
- northern Shaanxi Province
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表 1 各监测点基本情况
Table 1. Basic situation of each monitoring site
序号
No.微地形
Microtopography坡向
Slope aspect坡度
Slope degree/(°)海拔
Altitude/m植被盖度
Vegetation coverage/%土地利用类型
Land use type1 缓台Platform 西West 43 1385 70 草地Grassland 2 塌陷Collapse 西West 43 1399 55 草地Grassland 3 陡坎Scarp 西West 43 1391 60 草地Grassland 4 切沟Gully 西West 43 1390 75 草地Grassland 5 浅沟Shallow gully 西West 30 1 401 65 草地Grassland 6 原状坡坡面Original slope surface 西West 30 1 405 60 草地Grassland 
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表 2 不同微地形的土壤含水量
Table 2. Soil moisture of different microtopography
% 微地形Microtopography 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 60~80cm 80~100cm 100~120cm 120~140cm 140~160cm 0~160cm 缓台Platform 11.718 12.105 13.876 14.699 14.802 14.328 14.375 14.639 13.827 塌陷Collapse 14.829 14.279 13.115 12.129 12.941 13.288 14.008 14.711 13.653 陡坎Scarp 12.044 10.188 10.589 11.490 12.179 12.921 13.732 14.471 12.202 切沟Gully 13.732 11.877 12.054 16.664 19.609 20.827 22.628 22.762 17.519 浅沟Shallow gully 14.120 13.705 13.947 15.413 15.112 14.896 15.899 16.203 14.912 原状坡坡面
Original slope surface14.118 13.980 13.304 13.032 12.942 13.061 13.643 14.275 13.544
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表 3 土壤含水量自相关系数
Table 3. Autocorrelation coefficients for the soil moisture content in every monitoring point
微地形
Microtopography检验
Test土层Soil layer 下限
Min.上限
Max.0~
20cm20~
40cm40~
60cm60~
80cm80~
100cm100~
120cm120~
140cm140~
160cm缓台Platform r1 0.305 0.567 0.596 0.711 0.678 0.500 0.510 0.554 -0.379 0.314 r′1 -0.068 -0.071 -0.010 -0.122 -0.145 -0.181 -0.037 0.141 -0.385 0.318 塌陷Collapse r1 0.560 0.610 0.635 0.578 0.243 0.287 0.285 0.265 -0.379 0.314 r′1 -0.104 -0.063 -0.095 0.036 0.165 -0.001 -0.008 -0.014 -0.385 0.318 陡坎Scarp r1 0.358 0.404 0.346 0.511 0.535 0.435 0.336 0.295 -0.379 0.314 r′1 -0.088 -0.060 -0.033 -0.054 -0.036 0.006 -0.026 -0.060 -0.385 0.318 切沟Gully r1 0.476 0.621 0.431 0.552 0.528 0.442 0.394 0.209 -0.379 0.314 r′1 -0.102 0.024 -0.107 -0.030 -0.080 -0.141 -0.073 -0.065 -0.385 0.318 浅沟Shallow gully r1 0.562 0.645 0.564 0.543 0.499 0.411 0.477 0.443 -0.379 0.314 r′1 -0.044 -0.166 -0.030 -0.140 -0.020 -0.002 -0.006 -0.130 -0.385 0.318 原状坡坡面Original slope surface r1 0.694 0.745 0.247 0.437 0.257 0.203 0.188 0.256 -0.379 0.314 r′1 0.089 0.148 0.135 0.072 0.033 0.056 0.033 0.093 -0.385 0.318 注：r1为序列一阶自相关系数; r′1为剔除自相关性后新序列的一阶自相关系数。Notes：r1, first order autocorrelation coefficient of sequence；r′1, excluding the first-order autocorrelation coefficient of the new sequence after self-correlation.
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表 4 2010年8月至2013年6月各监测点土壤含水量的检验结果
Table 4. Testing results of soil moisture content in every monitoring point from August, 2010 to June, 2013
微地形Microtopography 检验Test 土层Soil layer 0~20cm 20~40cm 40~60cm 60~80cm 80~100cm 100~120cm 120~140cm 140~160cm 缓台Platform ZS -1.53 -0.51 0.51 -0.03 0.07 0.14 0.44 -0.10 b -0.060 -0.015 0.014 -0.006 0.002 0.005 0.012 -0.002 塌陷Collapse ZS 0.78 0.82 1.80 1.29 1.60 1.36 1.70 1.53 b 0.024 0.028 0.054 0.048 0.082 0.050 0.040 0.028 陡坎Scarp ZS -1.16 0.17 0.78 -0.17 -0.58 -0.34 -0.03 0.00 b -0.059 0.020 0.066 -0.007 -0.041 -0.045 -0.001 0.002 切沟Gully ZS -0.17 -1.16 -0.58 -0.03 0.00 0.17 -0.34 0.78 b -0.007 -0.058 -0.041 -0.001 0.001 0.020 -0.045 0.066 浅沟Shallow gully ZS -0.17 -0.48 -0.03 -0.24 -0.05 0.82 -0.24 -0.14 b -0.007 -0.027 -0.010 -0.014 -0.003 0.021 -0.006 -0.004 原状坡坡面Original slope surface ZS -0.20 -0.44 0.31 0.03 0.85 1.12 1.53 1.50 b -0.002 -0.012 0.025 0.001 0.057 0.056 0.075 0.068 注：ZS表示Mann-Kendall检验结果；b表示线性回归斜率。Notes: ZS, Mann-Kendall test results; b, linear regression slope.
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