天津滨海新区湿地耐盐植物分布与土壤化学因子的相关关系

尹德洁; 荆瑞; 关海燕; 屈琦琦; 张丽丽; 王若鹏; 董丽

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180054

天津滨海新区湿地耐盐植物分布与土壤化学因子的相关关系

Correlations between the distribution of salt-tolerant plants and soil chemical factors in wetland of Tianjin Coastal New Area, northern China

摘要

摘要:
目的天津滨海新区湿地具有非常丰富的耐盐植物资源。这些耐盐植物不仅可以丰富盐渍区园林绿化植物种类，同时可为盐碱地土壤的生态修复提供理论依据。本文通过对该区域耐盐植物资源的调查以及对土壤化学性质的分析，可以揭示天津滨海新区湿地耐盐植物分布与土壤环境之间的相关性。
方法选取74个天津滨海湿地样方的物种数据和土壤化学因子数据，通过单因素方差分析、双向指示种分析和典范对应分析研究耐盐植物多样性与土壤pH、可溶性盐总量、全氮、全磷、有机质、K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^- 12个土壤化学因子之间的关系。
结果调研样方内共记录到耐盐植物34科65属80种，排名前3的科为菊科、禾本科和藜科，出现频度最高、重要值最大的物种为芦苇，该地区耐盐植物生活型主要为草本植物；潮上带湿地耐盐植物丰富程度远大于潮间带；群落类型分为4类，分别是无翅猪毛菜-砂引草+盐地碱蓬群落、芦苇-碱蓬+狗尾草群落、稗+碱蓬-酸模叶蓼群落和扁秆藨草+狭叶香蒲-碱蓬群落；土壤可溶性盐总量、土壤全氮含量及土壤水溶性离子含量是影响天津滨海湿地植被分布的主要土壤化学因子；植物群落的各种多样性指数与土壤可溶性盐总量及Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-呈显著负相关的关系。
结论植物种类的分布格局在一定程度上决定了植物群落类型的分布格局；土壤盐分及水溶性盐离子含量越高，尤其是水溶性阴离子含量越高，物种多样性指数越低，对物种多样性造成的影响越大。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTianjin Coastal New Area wetland of northern China has rich resources of salt-tolerant plants. These salt-tolerant plants can not only enrich the species of landscaping plants in salinity area, but also provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of saline soil. Through the investigation of salt-tolerant plant resources and the analysis of soil chemical properties in this area, the correlations between salt-tolerant plant distribution and soil properties can be revealed.
MethodThe species data and environmental data of 74 sample plots in Tianjin Coastal New Area wetland were selected to study the relationship between salt-tolerant plant diversity and soil chemical factors (pH, the total amount of soil soluble salt, TN, TP, SOM, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, HCO₃^-) by one way ANOVA, two-way indicator species analysis, canonical correspondence analysis.
ResultA total of 80 species, 65 genera and 34 families of salt-tolerant plants were investigated in Tianjin Coastal New Area wetland. The species number in the top three of dominant families were Compositae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae, and the important value and frequency of occurrences of Phragmites australis were the largest. The life type of salt tolerant plant in this area is mainly herbs; the abundance of salt-tolerant plants in the supralittoral zone wetland was much larger than the intertidal wetland; The community of the study area can be divided into 4 plant community types: Salsola komarovii-Messerschmidia sibirica+Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis-Suaeda glauca+Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli+Suaeda glauca-Polygonum lapathifolium, Scirpus planiculmis+Typha angustifolia-Suaeda glauca; the total amount of soil soluble salt, total nitrogen and water soluble salt ion contents is the key soil environmental factors affecting the distribution of plant species. There was a significantly negative correlation between the diversity index of plant community and the total amount of soil soluble salt (including Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2- and HCO₃^-).
ConclusionThe distribution pattern of plant species determines the distribution pattern of plant community types to a certain extent, The higher the contents of soil salt and soluble salt ions are, the lower the species diversity indexes are, the greater the impact on the species diversity is.

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