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    河北坝上土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响

    Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Bashang Area of Hebei Province, northern China

    • 摘要:
      目的定量研究土地利用背景下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征,旨在正确认识不同生态系统服务功能对土地利用变化的响应机制,为坝上区域土地利用格局优化与生态经济协调发展提供参考。
      方法本文以河北坝上张北、沽源、丰宁3县为研究对象,采用GIS空间分析方法,分析了2000年以来土地利用时空动态变化特征,并在此基础上利用陆地生态系统服务价值估算模型评估了生态系统服务价值及其对土地利用变化的响应,进而探讨了该地区生态与经济发展的协调性。
      结果(1)2000—2015年坝上地区湿地、草地面积逐渐减少,分别减少28、26 km2,建筑用地面积持续增加,共增加24 km2,其他土地利用面积稍有增加;草地和湿地主要向农田转移,建筑用地的增加主要来自于农田、湿地的转移。(2)坝上地区生态系统服务价值总体上呈“西低东高”的趋势,低值区主要位于张北西部,而高值区主要位于丰宁南部燕山森林区;15年间,坝上地区85.92%的区域生态系统服务价值呈增加态势,生态系统服务总价值共增加334.83亿元,其中,气候调节服务价值增加最多,增加了90.44亿元,土壤保持、水文调节、水资源供给价值先增后减;草地、森林和湿地对生态系统服务总价值的贡献率在85%以上,对生态系统服务的影响最大。(3)坝上地区人均生态系统服务价值逐渐增加,生态经济协调度为0.09,处于潜在危机区,坝上地区的生态经济系统具有潜在的危险性。
      结论坝上地区生态系统服务价值逐渐提高,但对坝上生态系统服务功能起重要贡献作用的草地和湿地退化明显,经济发展仍受生态压力的制约,生态环境仍然脆弱。

       

      Abstract:
      ObjectiveBy quantitatively studying the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecosystem service value under the background of land use, this paper aims to correctly understand the response mechanism of different ecosystem service functions to land use change, and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of land use pattern and coordinated development of ecological economy in the Bashang Area, Hebei Province of northern China.
      MethodTaking Zhangbei, Guyuan and Fengning counties as research objects, this paper uses mathematical model to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of land use since 2000. Based on this, the ecosystem service value was evaluated by the estimation method of land ecosystem service value, and its response to land use change was analyzed. Then the coordination of ecological and economic development in the Bashang Area was explored.
      ResultThe results showed that: (1) during the study period, the built-up land in the Bashang Area increased by 24 km2, while wetland and grassland reduced by 28 and 26 km2, respectively. The reduced grasslands and wetlands were mainly converted into farmland, and the increase in built-up land mainly comes from farmland and wetlands. (2) Land use change led to the change of ecological environment in the research area and influenced the ecosystem service value. The ecosystem service value in the Bashang Area is generally high in the west and low in the east. The low value area is mainly located in the western part of Zhangbei, and the high value area is located in the Yanshan forest in the south of Fengning. In the past 15 years, the ecosystem services value in 85.92% of the Bashang Area had been increased, with a total increase of 33.483 billion RMB. Among them, the value of climate regulation services increased the most, increasing by 9.044 billion RMB, while soil conservation, hydrological regulation and water supply value both rose first and then decreased; the ecosystem service value was mainly provided by the grassland, forestland, and wetland, and their contribution rate was over 85%, which had the greatest impact on the value of ecosystem services in the Bashang Area. (3) Although the per capita ecosystem service value has gradually increased in the Bashang area, the eco-economic coordination degree was 0.09. This shows that the ecological economic system in the Bashang area is potentially dangerous.
      ConclusionsThe ecosystem service value in the Bashang Area has gradually increased, but the grassland and wetland playing an important role in the ecological service function have been degraded. The economic development is still constrained by ecological pressure, and the ecological environment is still fragile.

       

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