摘要:
温带森林的生物多样性形成和维持机制仍处于理论探讨阶段。本文利用单物种-面积关系模型,检验了样地
中21 种木本植物对局域群落多样性的影响。结果表明:1)不同树种对邻域多样性格局影响存在差异,在0 ~ 50 m
空间尺度上白桦、水曲柳、长白落叶松、怀槐、鱼鳞松、红松、青杨、山杨、臭松、紫椴、春榆、色木槭、青楷槭和花楷槭
表现为多样性促进种;枫桦和假色槭表现为多样性抑制种;黄檗和蒙古栎在绝大多数空间尺度上表现为中性种;裂
叶榆和糠椴在部分空间尺度上抑制了局域群落多样性。2)在0 ~50 m 空间尺度上,多样性促进种比例明显高于中
性种和抑制种,并且促进种比例随着空间尺度增加而下降,具有明显的尺度依赖性;在所有研究尺度上抑制种和中
性种比例始终维持在20%左右。因此,生物多样性促进种在群落多样性格局组建过程中起主导作用,研究结果进
一步验证了生态位理论在温带森林群落多样性维持中具有重要作用。同时,中性种所代表的随机过程在群落组建
过程中所发挥的作用也不容忽视。
Abstract:
The formation and maintaining mechanism of biodiversity of the temperate forests is still open to
theoretical discussion. The effects of 21 tree species on local community diversity were examined by
individual species-area relationship model. The results showed that: 1) the effect of different tree species
on the local diversity pattern was different. Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix olgensis,
Maackia amurensis, Picea jezoen, Pinus koraiensis, Populus cathayana, Populus davidiana,
Symplocarpus foetidus, Tilia amurensis, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Acer mono, Acer tegmentosum
and Acer ukurunduense acted as diversity accumulators at all studied spatial scales, Acer pseudo-
sieboldianum and Betula costata as diversity repellers, Phellodendron amurense and Quercus mongolica as
neutral at most spatial scales, and Ulmus laciniata and Tilia mandschurica as diversity repellers only at
some spatial scales. 2) The proportion of diversity accumulators declined with increasing scales.
However, it was still higher than that of repellers and neutrals at all studied scales of 0-50 m, indicating
that it was significantly scale-dependent. The proportion of repellers and neutrals always stayed at about
20%. Therefore, diversity accumulators played a determinant role in the structuring processes of
community diversity in the secondary conifer and broadleaf mixed forest. Our result indicated that niche
theory plays an important role in maintaining species diversity in temperate forest community. Meanwhile,
the function of random processes represented by neutral species in the construction of community structure
should not be ignored.
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