药用真菌桑黄种类研究
Progress on the species of medicinal fungus Inonotus sanghuang.
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摘要: 桑黄作为著名传统药用真菌在中国已经有2 000 多年的历史,但是这个真菌种类曾经被误认为裂蹄纤孔菌和 鲍姆纤孔菌多年,直到2012 年才发现该种实际应为一个新种,即桑黄纤孔菌(简称桑黄)。目前中国有桑黄类群的 种类7 种,但只有生长在桑树树木上的多年生、木栓质的纤孔菌才是真正的桑黄,本文提供了这7 个种的主要特性 和生境照片。在热带美洲有裂蹄纤孔菌类群5 个种, 这5 个种和亚洲的种类不重复。火木层孔菌类群作为另外一 个类群的药用真菌也曾经广泛被报道为所谓的桑黄冶,但是该类群的种类具有无色的担孢子,而桑黄类群的担孢 子为黄褐色。另外这2 个类群在系统发育上不相关。本文也提供了美洲裂蹄纤孔菌类群和中国火木层孔菌类群 种类的生境照片。此外,基于ITS 序列对中国桑黄类群和中国火木层孔菌类群所有种类的系统发育进行了分析。Abstract: Inonotus sanghuang was mentioned in traditional Chinese medicinal books around 2 000 years ago. However, this species had been misinterpreted for many years and was in fact an undescribed species until 2012. Until now, seven species in Sanghuang complex were found in China, and I. sanghuang was the real Sanghuanggrowing on Morus alba in East Asia. The main characteristics and colour photos for seven species of the Sanghuang complex were supplied. Five species of I. linteus complex were found in tropical America, all these species were not found in Asia. Phellinus igniarius complex, another group of medicinal fungi, was also mentioned as so-called Sanghuang, but it had hyaline basidiospores, while basidiospores in the I. sanghuang complex are yellowish-brown. Moreover, both groups of fungi are not related in phylogeny. Colour photos for the species in both American I. linteus complex and Chinese P. igniarius complex were provided.