Abstract: A prelimitary study of the hydrological effects of forest litters and soil in Simian Mountain was carried out.The results indicate that the annual accumulation of different forest litter is about 6.8~20.21 t/hm2 and the maximum water-holding volume ranges from 1.8 to 4.6mm. The water-holding ability of the litters of the Lithocarpus glaber and nature broad-leaved forests are more powerful than that of Pinus massoniana. Power function relation exists between the accumulated water-holding volume and time. An investigation of the physical properties of soil shows that the forest soils(1m deep) have a powerful water-holding ability with a range from 7.84 to 18.87 mm. Regression analysis shows that the soil infiltration rate is significantly correlated with time.