Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

YANG Kun; ZHAO Yan-ling; ZHANG Jian-yong; CHEN Chao; ZHAO Peng-peng

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160428

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2017 > 39(8): 17-23. > DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160428

YANG Kun, ZHAO Yan-ling, ZHANG Jian-yong, CHEN Chao, ZHAO Peng-peng. Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(8): 17-23. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160428

Citation:

PDF (4425 KB)

Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Reconstruction, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, P. R. China

More Information

Received Date: December 28, 2016
Revised Date: May 26, 2017
Published Date: July 31, 2017

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology plays an important role in the acquisition of tree parameters. In order to explore the feasibility of using high-resolution imagery of UAV to extract tree height, the Qiuji Coal Mine Forest Park of Shandong Province of eastern China was selected as the study area in this paper, the Pix4D software was used to process high-resolution imagery collected by UAV to generate the orthomosaic and 3D point cloud. The OTSU method was used to divide the 3D point cloud into two parts: the tree point cloud and the ground point cloud, then the top height of tree and the mean height of the ground were extracted according to the two parts of the point cloud. And the tree height was computed when the average ground height was taken as the height of tree root. The results showed that the tree point cloud and the ground point cloud could be accurately divided by OTSU method. And it was feasible that high resolution UAV imagery was used to extract the tree height, the absolute error of tree height was less than 80cm, the relative error was 16.2%, and the mean square error (RMSE) was 36.3cm. At the same time, the measurement of tree height was affected by the shape of crown. The height RMSE of Platanus acerifolia with broadly ovate crown was 29.2cm, the height RMSE of Sabina chinensis with conical crown was 50.9cm, the coefficient of determination R² of the measured height and the real height of the two kinds of trees were respectively 0.9920 and 0.8894, the accuracy of measured height of the Platanus acerifolia was significantly higher than that of the Sabina chinensis.
- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),
- high-resolution imagery,
- 3D point cloud,
- tree height extraction

FullText(HTML)

References (19)

References

[1]	汪小钦, 王苗苗, 王绍强, 等.基于可见光波段无人机遥感的植被信息提取[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(5):152-159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.022 WANG X Q, WANG M M, WANG S Q, et al. Extraction of vegetation information from visible unmanned aerial vehicle images[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(5): 152-159. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.022
[2]	SELKOWITZ D J, GREEN G, PETERSIN B, et al. A multi-sensor lidar, multi-spectral and multi-angular approach for mapping canopy height in boreal forest regions[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 121(2):458-471. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=db33fbff1b96c1197c85bc14ff04d38c
[3]	侯红亚, 王立海, 徐华东, 等.目测法估测树高的误差分析[J].森林工程, 2012, 28(2):6-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2012.02.002 HOU H Y, WANG L H, XU H D, et al. Error analysis of tree height estimation based on eye measurement[J]. Forest Engineering, 2012, 28(2):6-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2012.02.002
[4]	冯仲科, 隋宏大, 邓向瑞, 等.三角高程法树高测量与精度分析[J].北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(增刊2):31-35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDGH200906005.htm FENG Z K, SUI H D, DENG X R, et al.Survey and precision analysis of tree height by trigonometric leveling[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(Suppl.2):31-35. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDGH200906005.htm
[5]	冯仲科, 赵英琨, 邓向瑞, 等.三维前方交会法测量树高及其精度分析[J].北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29 (增刊2):36-39. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTEMP-BJLY2007S2009.htm FENG Z K, ZHAO Y K, DENG X R, et al. Measurement and precision analysis of tree height by 3D forward intersection[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29 (Suppl.2):36-39. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTEMP-BJLY2007S2009.htm
[6]	冯仲科, 韩熙春, 周科亮, 等.全站仪固定样地测树原理及精度分析[J].北京测绘, 2003(1):28-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3000.2003.01.008 FENG Z K, HAN X C, ZHOU K L, et al. The analysis of forestry measuration principle and precision in fixed samples by total station[J].Beijing Surveying and Mapping, 2003(1):28-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3000.2003.01.008
[7]	谢鸿宇, 温志庆, 钟世锦, 等.无棱镜全站仪测量树高及树冠的方法研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(11):53-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2011.11.011 XIE H Y, WEN Z Q, ZHONG S J, et al. Measure method research of tree height and tree crown by non-prism total station[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2011, 31(11):53-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2011.11.011
[8]	王智超, 冯仲科, 闫飞, 等.全站仪测树的内外业一体化方法研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2013, 28(6):134-138. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2013.06.27 WANG Z C, FENG Z K, YAN F, et al. Integrated indoor and field forest measurement by using total station[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2013, 28(6):134-138. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2013.06.27
[9]	DEMETRIOS G, JEREMYS F, VIEENTES M. Challenges to estimating tree height via LiDAR in closed-canopy forests: a parable from Western Oregon[J]. Forest Science, 2010, 56(2):139-155. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=4cafa9f5e90a42a92cfd9dcd94bd044c&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[10]	ANDERSEN H E, REUTEBUCH S E, MEGAUGHEY R J. A rigorous assessment of tree height measurements obtained using airborne lidar and conventional field methods[J]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 32(5):355-366. doi: 10.5589/m06-030
[11]	邓向瑞, 冯仲科, 马钦彦, 等.三维激光扫描系统在立木材积测定中的应用[J].北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(增刊2):74-77. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/95250X/2007S2/3000298662.html DENG X R, FENG Z K, MA Q Y, et al. Application of 3D laser scanning system in measuring standing volume[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(Suppl.2):74-77. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/95250X/2007S2/3000298662.html
[12]	吴宾, 余柏蒗, 岳文辉, 等.一种基于车载激光扫描点云数据的单株行道树信息提取方法[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013(2):38-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2013.02.005 WU B, YU B L, YUE W H, et al. Method for identifying individual street trees from the cloud data of the vehicle-borne laser scanning points[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2013(2):38-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2013.02.005
[13]	金伟, 葛宏立, 杜华强, 等.无人机遥感发展与应用概况[J].遥感信息, 2009(1):88-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3177.2009.01.017 JIN W, GE H L, DU H Q, et al. A review on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and its application[J].Remote Sensing Information, 2009(1):88-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3177.2009.01.017
[14]	张园, 陶萍, 梁世祥, 等.无人机遥感在森林资源调查中的应用[J].西南林业大学学报, 2011, 31(3):49-53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2011.03.011 ZHANG Y, TAO P, LIANG S X, et al. Research on application of UAV RS techniques in forest inventories[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2011, 31(3):49-53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2011.03.011
[15]	ZARCO-TEJADA P J, DIAZ-VARELA R, ANGILERI V, et al. Tree height quantification using very high resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and automatic 3D photo-reconstruction methods[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2014, 55(2):89-99. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ0232587279/
[16]	李明泽, 范文义, 张元元.基于全数字摄影测量的林分立木高度量测[J].北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(2):74-79. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.02.011 LI M Z, FAN W Y, ZHANG Y Y. Measuring heights of standing trees based on digital photogrammetry[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(2):74-79. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.02.011
[17]	樊江川.无人机航空摄影测树技术研究[D].北京: 北京林业大学, 2014. http: //cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10022-1014327664.htm FAN J C. Study of the tree measurement technology by UAV aerial photography[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2014. http: //cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10022-1014327664.htm
[18]	曹明兰, 张力小, 王强.无人机遥感影像中行道树信息快速提取[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2016, 36(10): 89-93. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/znlxyxb201610016 CAO M L, ZHANG L X, WANG Q.Rapid extraction of rural house information from UAV remote-sensing images[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2016, 36(10): 89-93. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/znlxyxb201610016
[19]	阳树洪.灰度图像阈值分割的自适应和快速算法研究[D].重庆: 重庆大学, 2014. http: //cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10611-1014042922.htm YANG S H. Study on the adaptive and fast algorithm of gray scale image thresholding[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2014. http: //cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10611-1014042922.htm

[1]	Li Yuanyuan, Ren Ruiqing, Chen Yao, Gao Jianmin. Preparation of SiO₂ microspheres and their structural coloration on wood surface[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(3): 137-144. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220432
[2]	Zhang Longfei, Hairihan, Wang Siqun, Chen Zhilin, Wang Yamei. Preparation of wood functional coatings with carbon dots grafted TiO₂ for its photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde gas[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(1): 113-122. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210331
[3]	Xu Jiaqi, Shen Haiying, Cao Jinzhen. Synergistic effect of TiO₂ and PDMS on improving anti-weathering properties of surface thermally-modified wood[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(4): 109-116. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180053
[4]	Zhu Zhimei, Zhang Yuhong, Sa Gang, Liu Jian, Ma Xujun, Deng Chen, Zhao Rui, Chen Shaoliang. Uptake of Cd²⁺ by ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus and the modulation of H₂O₂ in Cd²⁺ influx[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(4): 24-32. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170418
[5]	Zhang Jiatong, Guan Yinghui, Si Liqing, Peng Xiawei, Meng Bingnan, Zhou Jinxing. Effects of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ combined stress on photosynthesis of Morus alba[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2018, 40(4): 16-23. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170332
[6]	DONG Yue, YUAN Bing-nan, JI Xiao-di, GUO Ming-hui. Preparation of wood-based g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ composite coating and characterization of its photocatalytic properties[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(12): 112-117. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170266
[7]	SUN Ya-jie, ZHAO Tian-qi, ZHANG Chun-lei, FU Yu-jie, LI Shu-jun, MA Yan-li. Adsorption properties of lignin-g-polyacrylic acid hydrogel on Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(12): 102-111. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170309
[8]	LANG Tao, LI Ni-ya, LU Yan-jun, SUN Hui-min, SHEN Ze-dan, JING Xiao-shu, ZHAO Rui, SHEN Xin, CHEN Shao-liang. Extracellular ATP, hydrogen peroxide, calcium and nitric oxide mediate root ion fluxes in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza subjected to salt stress[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2014, 36(4): 16-22. DOI: DOI:10.13332/j.cnki.jbfu.2014.04.007
[9]	LIU Ya-lan, LI Jian, GENG Shao-hui.. Degradation toluene and xylene by TiO2-ACF photocatalytic material.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2012, 34(5): 157-160.
[10]	XIA Songhua, LI Li, LI Jian-zhang.. Ureaformaldehyde resin modified by nanoTiO2 under ultrasonic treatment[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(4): 123-129.

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(5)

1.	阿卜杜外力·阿卜杜克热木，安外尔·阿卜杜热伊木，肖正清，刘素红，比拉力·依明，玛丽亚木·玛木提，米尔扎提·依明. 基于无人机影像的天山雪岭云杉树冠降雪截留实验研究. 干旱区资源与环境. 2022(04): 163-170 .
2.	李吉玫，张毓涛，张云云. 天山北坡融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性及其影响因素分析. 灌溉排水学报. 2021(01): 106-114 .
3.	马秀艳，蒋磊，宋艳宇，孙丽，宋长春，侯爱新，高晋丽，杜宇. 温度和水分变化对冻土区泥炭地土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响. 生态学报. 2021(17): 6707-6717 .
4.	郭建平. 植物对降水截留的研究进展. 应用气象学报. 2020(06): 641-652 .
5.	姚雪晗，杨帆，唐文莉，傅松玲. 合肥地区常绿景观树种冠层雨水截留能力研究. 西北农业学报. 2020(07): 1116-1122 .

Other cited types(11)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (3210) PDF downloads (124) Cited by(16)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)