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杨树有效冻融伤害模型构建与应用

杨成超

杨成超. 杨树有效冻融伤害模型构建与应用[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(12): 47-54. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200245
引用本文: 杨成超. 杨树有效冻融伤害模型构建与应用[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(12): 47-54. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200245
Yang Chengchao. Model construction and application of effective freeze-thaw injury in poplar[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(12): 47-54. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200245
Citation: Yang Chengchao. Model construction and application of effective freeze-thaw injury in poplar[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(12): 47-54. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200245

杨树有效冻融伤害模型构建与应用

基金项目: 辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2020MS0504),辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目(2015103002)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨成超,博士,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向:杨树抗寒育种及越冬防灾减灾。 Email: yangchengchao@sina.com 地址:115213辽宁省盖州市团山镇任屯村辽宁省杨树研究所

  • 中图分类号: S792.11;S761.3

Model construction and application of effective freeze-thaw injury in poplar

  • 摘要:
      目的  2000年以来,辽宁省杨树遭受5次严重的越冬伤害,造成巨大的经济和生态损失,构建有效冻融伤害模型,能够为杨树越冬伤害防控提供依据。
      方法  本文在阐明杨树越冬伤害机理并提出有效冻融伤害累积效应假说基础上,选择发生有效冻融的天数、发生有效冻融的日最低气温、树木健康指数和无霜期作为参数,构建杨树有效冻融伤害模型,并进行检验。
      结果  黑杨派速生杨树对无霜期的最低要求天数是170 d。在抗寒锻炼期和脱锻炼期内,当日最低气温 ≤ −3 ℃、日最高气温 > 0 ℃,且日较差 ≥ 12 ℃时,黑杨派速生杨树会发生有效冻融伤害。有效冻融伤害风险指数(RIO)越大,越冬伤害的风险越大。应用构建的模型绘制辽宁省黑杨派速生杨树越冬伤害风险评估图。模型检验结果表明,该模型对黑杨派速生杨树越冬伤害评估的准确率达到75%。
      结论  杨树有效冻融伤害模型有较大实用价值,为辽宁省等省区的杨树越冬防、减寒灾打下基础,为中国北方地区杨树造林和营林提供参考。
    Abstract:
      Objective  Since 2000, poplar in Liaoning Province of northeastern China has suffered five serious overwintering injuries, resulting in huge economic and ecological losses. The construction of an effective freeze-thaw injury(EFTI)model can provide a basis for the prevention and control of poplar overwintering injuries.
      Method  On the basis of clarifying the mechanism of poplar overwintering injury and putting forward the hypothesis of cumulative effect of EFTI, this paper selects the days of effective freeze-thaw, the daily minimum temperature of effective freeze-thaw, tree health index and frost free period as parameters, constructs and tests the EFTI model of poplar.
      Result  The minimum required days of frost free period for fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros were 170 d. During the cold resistance exercise period and off exercise period, when the daily minimum temperature was ≤− 3 ℃, the daily maximum temperature was > 0 ℃ and the daily range was ≥ 12 ℃, the fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros will have effective freeze-thaw injury. The greater the effective freeze-thaw injury risk index (Rio) was, the greater the risk of overwintering injury was. The model was applied to draw the overwintering injury risk assessment map of fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros in Liaoning Province. The model test results showed that the accuracy of the model for overwintering injury assessment of fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros was 75%.
      Conclusion  The model has great practical value. The development of EFTI model of poplar lays a foundation for preventing and reducing overwintering injury of poplar in Liaoning Province and other provinces. It provides reference for poplar afforestation and forest management in northern China.
  • 图  1   辽宁省栽培黑杨派速生杨树越冬伤害风险评估

    Figure  1.   Risk evaluation on overwintering injury for fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros planted in Liaoning Province

    表  1   杨树单株越冬伤害症状分级标准

    Table  1   Symptom classification criteria of overwintering injury in individual poplar

    越冬伤害级别
    Class of overwintering injury
    症状
    Symptom
    代表值
    Representative value
    无伤害 No harm0
    ≤ 1/10枝条干梢或 ≤ 1/10树干周长的韧皮部变黑
    Dieback no more than 1/10 seedling height or black phloem no more than 1/10 stem perimeter
    1
    1/10 < 枝条干梢 ≤ 1/5或1/10 < 树干周长的韧皮部变黑 ≤ 1/5
    Dieback more than 1/10 but no more than 1/5 seedling height or black phloem more than 1/10 but no more than 1/5 stem perimeter
    2




    1/5 < 枝条干梢 ≤ 1/2或1/5 < 树干周长的韧皮部变黑≤1/2
    Dieback more than 1/5 but no more than 1/2 seedling height or black phloem more than 1/5 but no more than 1/2 stem perimeter
    > 1/2枝条干梢或 > 1/2树干周长的韧皮部变黑
    Dieback greater than 1/2 seedling height or black phloem greater than 1/2 stem perimeter
    3


    4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   2005—2017年杨树越冬伤害调查结果

    Table  2   Survey results of overwintering injury in poplar from 2005 to 2017

    年份
    Year
    大树越冬伤害指数
    Index of overwintering injury(IO)of big tree
    1年生苗越冬伤害指数
    IO of one-year-old seedling
    灾害范围
    Disaster range
    代表颜色
    Representative color
    2005—20060.620.25辽宁省
    Liaoning Province
    红色 Red
    2006—200700无 None绿色 Green
    2007—200800无 None绿色 Green
    2008—20090.590.45辽宁省
    Liaoning Province
    红色 Red
    2009—201000无 None绿色 Green
    2010—201100.39凌海市
    Linghai City
    橙色 Orange
    2011—201200无 None绿色 Green
    2012—20130.550.35辽宁省
    Liaoning Province
    红色 Red
    2013—201400无 None绿色 Green
    2014—201500无 None绿色 Green
    2015—201600无 None绿色 Green
    2016—201700.28凌海、黑山
    Linghai, Heishan
    黄色 Yellow
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   辽宁省各市(县)平均无霜期

    Table  3   Average frost-free season of cities in Liaoning Province

    市(县)
    City(county)
    无霜期
    Frost-free season/d
    市(县)
    City (county)
    无霜期
    Frost-free season/d
    市(县)
    City (county)
    无霜期
    Frost-free season/d
    建平 Jianping 141 葫芦岛 Huludao 190 盘山 Panshan 173
    抚顺 Fushun 150 北票 Beipiao 153 大洼 Dawa 182
    喀左 Kazuo 160 义县 Yixian 163 营口 Yingkou 188
    建昌 Jianchang 166 凌海 Linghai 182 大石桥 Dashiqiao 170
    凌源 Lingyuan 152 阜新 Fuxin 159 盖州 Gaizhou 189
    绥中 Suizhong 178 北镇 Beizhen 169 瓦房店 Wafangdian 178
    朝阳 Chaoyang 170 黑山 Heishan 173 金州 Jinzhou 192
    兴城 Xingcheng 170 台安 Taian 175 大连 Dalian 219
    新民 Xinmin 160 海城 Haicheng 158 庄河 Zhuanghe 179
    彰武 Zhangwu 159 鞍山 Anshan 182 丹东 Dandong 166
    法库 Faku 153 辽阳 Liaoyang 166 岫岩 Xiuyan 151
    康平 Kangping 160 沈阳 Shenyang 162 凤城 Fengcheng 156
    昌图 Changtu 150 辽中 Liaozhong 167 西丰 Xifeng 130
    开原 Kaiyuan 148 铁岭 Tieling 160 清原 Qingyuan 132
    桓仁 Huanren 148 宽甸 Kuandian 135 本溪 Benxi 151
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   对黑山和凌海的黑杨派速生杨树越冬伤害的评估及模型检验

    Table  4   Model test and overwintering injury prediction to fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeiros and Linghai of northeastern China

    地点和时间
    Site and time
    EFTI天数
    EFTI
    day number
    EFTI的日最低
    气温之和
    Sum of daily
    minimum
    temperature of
    EFTI day/℃
    Dd健康指数
    Health
    index
    风险指数
    Risk
    index
    (RIO)
    评估级别和颜色
    Evaluation
    level and
    color
    春季调查结果
    Survey
    result
    in spring
    黑山新兴镇2016.11
    Xinxing Town of Heishan,
    Nov., 2016
    13−108.917017311415.7
    (黄色 Yellow)

    (黄色 Yellow)
    黑山新兴镇2017.03
    Xinxing Town of Heishan,
    Mar., 2017
    16 −90.417017311446.4
    (黄色 Yellow)
    凌海监测站2012.11
    Monitoring station of
    Linghai, Nov., 2012
    7 −29.91701823627.9
    (蓝色 Blue)

    (红色 Red)
    凌海监测站2013.03
    Monitoring station of
    Linghai, Mar., 2013
    12 −64.417018232318.4
    (橙色 Orange)
    注:EFTI天数代表一年中日最低温 ≤ −3 ℃,日最高温 > 0 ℃且日较差 ≥ 12 ℃的天数; D为研究目标杨树对无霜期的最低要求天数,d为研究目标地点当年的无霜期(天数)。下同。Notes: ‘EFTI day number’ represents daily minimum temperature ≤ −3 ℃,daily maximum temperature > 0 ℃ and daily temperature range ≥ 12 ℃,D represents required minimum days of frost-free season for research poplar, d represents days of frost-free season of the same year in research region(d). The same below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   对3个典型地区栽培黑杨派速生杨树风险评估结果的检验

    Table  5   Check results to risk evaluation map as fast-growing poplar of Sect. Aigeirosanted in three typical regions

    地点和时间
    Site and time
    EFTI天数
    EFTI day
    number
    EFTI的日最低
    气温的和
    Sum of daily minimum
    temperature of
    EFTI day/℃
    无霜期
    d或ER)
    Frost-free season
    d or ER)/d
    健康指数
    Health index
    风险指数
    RIO
    评估结果
    和颜色
    Evaluation result and color
    春季调查结果
    Survey result in spring
    黑山县气象台2016.11
    Observatory of Heishan,
    Nov., 2016
    9 −66.01731594.0
    (蓝色 Blue)



    (黄色 Yellow)
    黑山县气象台2017.03
    Observatory of Heishan,
    Mar., 2017
    15 −79.017311185.0
    (黄色 Yellow)
    彰武气象台2014.10—2014.11
    Observatory of Zhangwu,
    from Oct. to Nov., 2014
    21−145.0 3.3110048.5
    (红色 Red)

    (红色 Red)
    彰武气象台2015.03—2015.04
    Observatory of Zhangwu,
    from Mar. to Apr., 2015
    12 −75.0 3.312970.0
    (红色 Red)
    抚顺气象台2011.10—2011.11
    Observatory of Fushun,
    from Oct. to Nov., 2011
    15 −87.0 4.515872.5
    (红色 Red)

    (红色 Red)
    抚顺气象台2012.03—2012.04
    Observatory of Fushun,
    from Mar. to Apr., 2012
    9−111.0 4.514495.5
    (红色 Red)
    注:黑山县无霜期数据指d,彰武和抚顺的无霜期数据指ER,即Dd。Notes: frost-free season data of Heishan County is indicated as d, frost-free season data of Zhangwu County and Fushun City is indicated as ER,that is Dd.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-12
  • 修回日期:  2020-09-13
  • 录用日期:  2021-11-08
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-14
  • 发布日期:  2022-01-04

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