A simple method for estimating the amount of leaves of Acer pseudosieboldianum
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摘要:目的
目前关于估计单株树木叶片数量方法的研究较少，本研究结合嵌套式回归的原理，介绍一种通过目测确定单株树木叶片数量的方法，为叶生物量和叶面积的研究奠定理论基础，为估计群落尺度的叶生物量和叶面积指数提供更加方便快捷的手段。
方法本方法的原理是：（1）将枝条划分为枝轴，枝轴为任意级别枝条去掉分枝后的主轴；（2）确定单个枝轴上的叶片数量；（3）通过枝条的分枝关系建立枝条容量−枝轴数量查找表，确定枝条和枝轴的数量关系；（4）将枝条所包含的所有枝轴上的叶片累加得到枝条的叶片数量；（5）计算单株树木的叶片数量。采用该方法对长白山北坡假色槭的单株叶片数量进行估计。
结果在所测量的25株树中，容量为1至容量为7的枝条上的平均枝轴数分别为1.0、3.0、8.9、32.9、105.0、323.0、1 015.3，枝轴上的平均叶片数为2.9片，通过计算25株样树的单株叶片数量并绘制散点图，散点大致呈指数型分布，符合树木的一般生长规律。建立了预测假色槭叶片数量的最适方程，即y = 261.60DBH1.65，根据检验结果，使用该方法预测的假色槭叶片数量偏大15.58%。
结论本方法正确、可靠，具有工作量小、效率高的特点，整个估计过程中无破坏性取样。若结合单片叶的面积、干质量等指标，可以使群落尺度的叶生物量和叶面积指数的计算更加快捷。
Abstract:ObjectiveThere is currently limited research on methods for estimating the number of leaves on individual tree. Combined with the principle of nested regression, this study introduced a method to visually estimate the amount of individual-tree leaves. The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for the study of leaf biomass and leaf area, and to provide a more convenient and efficient method for estimating the leaf biomass and leaf area index in the community.
MethodThe principle of this method was : (1) dividing the branches into branch axes, which are the main axes of any level of branch after removing branches; (2) determining the amount of leaves on individual main branch; (3) establishing a lookup table for securing the total amount of main branches of the individual branch based on the hierarchy structure; (4) obtaining the total amount of leaves by summing the numbers of all main branches; (5) calculating the leaf amount of individual trees, and estimating the number of leaves on individual trees on the north of Changbai Mountain with this method.
ResultAmong the 44 trees measured, the number of main branches with branch capacity of 1 to 7 was: 1.0, 3.0, 8.9, 32.9, 105.0, 323.0 and 1015.3, the average number of leaves on the main branch was 2.9. The minimum DBH of the measured trees was 5.4 cm, and the number of leaves was 3 038; the maximum DBH was 28.3 cm, and the number of leaves was 62 783. Calculating the number of leaves on 25 individual trees and drawing a scatter plot, the points are roughly distributed exponentially, conform to the growth pattern of trees. The optimal equation for predicting the number of leaves was y = 261.60 DBH1.65, according to the test, the number of leaves predicted by this method was 15.58% larger.
ConclusionThis method is correct, reliable, and has the characteristics of low workload and high efficiency. There is no destructive sampling throughout the entire estimation process. If combined with indicators such as single leaf area and dry mass, the calculation of community scale leaf biomass and leaf area index can be faster.
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图 1 枝条容量分解图
A、B、C、D分别代表容量为4、3、2、1的枝条；a、b、c、d、e分别代表枝条A上容量为2、2、2、3、3的次级枝条。A, B, C, and D represent branches with capacities of 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively; a, b, c, d and e represent secondary branches with capacities of 2, 2, 2, 3 and 3 on branch A, respectively.
Figure 1. A diagram showing branch capacity
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图 3 样木单株叶片数量与胸径的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between the number of leaves of individual tree and DBH
表 1 枝条容量−枝轴数量计算表
Table 1 An example for calculating branch capacity and the number of main branches
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表 2 各方程的拟合结果
Table 2 Fitting results of various equations
方程 Equation a b R2 y=axb 261.60 1.65 0.982 4 y=ax+b 2 526.35 −12 880.54 0.980 4 y=aebx 4 960.00 0.09 0.914 9 注：x为胸径（cm），y为假色槭叶片数量，a、b为参数。Notes: x represents DBH (cm), y represents the amount of leaves of Acer pseudosieboldianum, a and b are parameters.
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