Effects of canopy density on the growth of broadleaved tree species under artificial regeneration of Pinus sylvestris forest
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摘要:
目的 研究在樟子松林不同郁闭度条件下，水曲柳、胡桃楸和紫椴人工种植幼苗的生长差异，为樟子松林不同郁闭度下适合更新的阔叶树种选择提供理论依据以及技术支撑。 方法 以水曲柳、胡桃楸和紫椴2年生裸根苗为试验材料；在樟子松林下选择4种光环境（全光、郁闭度0.4、郁闭度0.6、郁闭度0.8），1个生长季后观测人工更新的3个树种苗高增长量、地径增长量、光合参数、光合色素含量以及叶片养分含量变化。 结果 胡桃楸在郁闭度0.6 ~ 0.8下的苗高生长量和地径生长量显著高于全光和郁闭度0.4处理下的苗木，在郁闭度0.8处理下的苗高增长量和地径增长量最大，水曲柳和紫椴在郁闭度0.4 ~ 0.6处理下的苗高增长量和地径增长量显著高于全光和郁闭度0.8处理下的苗木，整体上胡桃楸的苗高增长量和地径增长量在4个处理下都优于水曲柳和紫椴。随着郁闭度的增大，3个树种的叶绿素含量表现出显著的上升趋势，光合速率（Pn）的变化趋势和叶绿素总量含量（Ct）变化趋势保持一致。胡桃楸的气孔导度（Gs）以及胞间CO2浓度（Ci）随郁闭度的增大呈上升趋势；水曲柳和紫椴的Gs呈上升趋势，Ci整体呈先升高后降低的趋势；蒸腾速率（Tr）随着郁闭度的增大都呈下降趋势。3个树种的叶片全N含量随着郁闭度的增加呈上升趋势；胡桃楸的叶片全C含量各处理间差异不显著，水曲柳和紫椴的叶片全C含量随郁闭度的增大呈下降趋势，其中水曲柳苗木叶片的全C含量在全光、郁闭度0.4和郁闭度0.6处理下差异不显著，但都高于郁闭度0.8处理下的叶片的全C含量；紫椴的叶片P含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，胡桃楸则呈逐渐下降的趋势，而水曲柳的叶片全P含量在各处理间的差异不显著；3个树种的叶片全K含量整体呈现先下降后上升的趋势。在樟子松不同郁闭度下胡桃楸的生长情况均优于水曲柳和紫椴；其中紫椴在各个郁闭度下光合速率变化不显著，光照强度变化对其影响不大。 结论 本研究针对樟子松林不同郁闭度下3个阔叶树种幼苗栽植1年后生长情况进行了对比分析，研究发现水曲柳、紫椴和胡桃楸3个树种幼苗在栽植当年均可在樟子松林土壤环境下生长，且均具有一定的耐阴性。水曲柳和紫椴在郁闭度0.4 ~ 0.6的生长优于全光和郁闭度0.8，胡桃楸在郁闭度0.8下生长最好，且不同郁闭度下胡桃楸的生长状况均优于水曲柳和紫椴。随着胡桃楸的生长，其与周围植被的关系，以及对光照资源的需求也可能会发生变化，后续仍需跟踪调查，为樟子松人工林更新提供扎实的理论基础。 Abstract:Objective The growth differences of Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis artificially planted seedlings under different canopy densities of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest were investigated in this study to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of broadleaved trees suitable for regeneration under different canopy densities of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest. Method A artificial regeneration experiment was conducted with two-year-old bare root seedlings of F. mandshurica, J. mandshurica, T. amurensis under the P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest. Furthermore, four light environments of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest were applied, i.e. full light, canopy density of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. At the end of the growing season, the changes of seedling height, base diameter, photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and leaf nutrient content of the three seedlings were measured. Result By the end of the growing season, the height growth and ground diameter growth of J. mandshurica seedlings under canopy density of 0.6−0.8 were significantly higher than those under full light and canopy density of 0.4, and those were the largest under canopy density of 0.8. The height growth and ground diameter growth of F. mandshurica and T. amurensis seedlings under canopy density of 0.4−0.6 were significantly higher than those under full light and canopy density of 0.8. The height growth and ground diameter growth of J. mandshurica seedlings were better than F. mandshurica and T. amurensis seedlings under the four treatments. With the increase of canopy density, chlorophyll content of the three tree species showed a significant upward trend, and the trend of photosynthetic rate (Pn) was consistent with the trend of total chlorophyll content (Ct). The stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of J. mandshurica increased with the increase of canopy density; the Gs of F. mandshurica and T. amurensis showed an upward trend, and the Ci showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing; transpiration rate (Tr) showed a downward trend with the increase of canopy density. The leaf N content of the three tree species increased with the increase of canopy density; there was no significant difference in the total C content of J. mandshurica leaves among the treatments. The total C content of F. mandshurica and T. amurensis leaves showed a downward trend with the increase of canopy density, among which, the total C content of F. mandshurica seedling leaves under full light, canopy density of 0.4 and 0.6 treatments had no significant difference, but they were all higher than that under canopy density of 0.8 treatment; total P content in the leaves of T. amurensis increased first and then decreased, J. mandshurica decreased gradually, while total P content in the leaves of F. mandshurica was not significantly different among the treatments, and total K content decreased first and then increased as a whole. The growth of J. mandshurica was better than F. mandshurica and T. amurensis under different canopy densities of P. sylvestris; the growth of J. mandshurica was better than F. mandshurica and T. amurensis under different canopy densities of P. sylvestris; among them, the photosynthetic rate of T. amurensis under each canopy density did not change significantly, the change of light intensity had little effect on it. Conclusion This study conducted a comparative analysis of the growth of three broadleaved tree species under different canopy densities of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest in one year of pianting. It was found that F. mandshurica, T. amurensis and J. mandshurica can grow in the soil environment of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest in the year of planting, and all of them have certain negative tolerance. F. mandshurica and T. amurensis grow better in canopy density of 0.4−0.6 than in full light and canopy density of 0.8, J. mandshurica grows best in canopy density of 0.8, and the growth status of J. mandshurica under different canopy densities is better than F. mandshurica and T. amurensis. With the growth of seedlings, the relationship between J. mandshurica and its surrounding vegetation and its demand for light resources may change. Thus, to provide a solid theoretical basis for the regeneration of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, followed investigations are still needed. -
图 1 不同郁闭度对苗木高和地径增长量的影响
不同小写字母表示同一树种不同郁闭度间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。Different small letters indicate significant differences among varied canopy densities of the same tree species. The same below.
Figure 1. Effects of different canopy densities on seedling height and ground diameter growth
图 2 不同郁闭度对苗木叶绿素含量的影响
Figure 2. Effects of different canopy densities on chlorophyll contents of seedlings
图 3 不同郁闭度对不同树种光合参数的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different crown densities on photosynthetic parameters of varied tree species
图 4 不同郁闭度对苗木叶片养分含量的影响
Figure 4. Effects of different canopy densities on nutrient contents of seedling leaves
图 5 不同郁闭度下各树种生长指标的Spearman相关性
红色表示正相关关系，蓝色表示负相关关系，圆圈面积越大相关性越强，右侧数值表示相关性系数值；*表示显著相关（P < 0.05）；Sd.不同郁闭度；Sh.苗高增长量；Gd.地径增长量；Ct.叶绿素总量；TC.全碳；TN.全氮；TK.全钾；TP.全磷。Red indicates positive correlation, blue indicates negative correlation, and the larger the circle area is, the stronger the correlation is, the value on the right indicates correlation coefficient value; * indicates significant correlation (P < 0.05); Sd, different canopy densities; Sh, seedling height growth; Gd, ground diameter growth; Ct, total chlorophyll content; TC, total carbon; TN, total nitrogen; TK, total potassium; TP, total phosphorus.
Figure 5. Spearman correlation of growth indexes of various tree species under different canopy densities
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