Distribution and tensile mechanical properties of Salix × aureo-pendula root system in soil bioengineering revetment
-
摘要: 了解不同土壤生物工程措施下根系分布特征与抗拉特性对土壤生物工程措施的合理配置意义重大。以竣工5年的北京市怀柔区土壤生物工程试验区4种不同种植方式(埋根、扦插、梢捆、灌丛垫)下的金丝柳根系为研究对象,测量统计不同土层深度、不同径级的根系生物量并进行单根拉伸试验,分析在不同种植方式下金丝柳根系的生物量分布特征和单根抗拉特性,结果表明:灌丛垫和梢捆措施根系主要分布在0~40cm深度的土层中,在0~20cm土层中尤为集中。灌丛垫方式下根径≤1mm的细根含量丰富(占其总量的31.3%),须根系最为发达,梢捆次之,细根含量占其总量的19.2%。不同种植方式下根系抗拉力与直径都呈正相关,且以幂函数的规律变化。在0~20cm的土层中,不同种植方式下根系的抗拉特性存在较大差异,平均抗拉力从大到小依次为埋根、扦插、梢捆、灌丛垫;而平均延伸率从大到小依次为灌丛垫、梢捆、扦插、埋根。所以,灌丛垫和梢捆方式下根系浅层生物量较大,须根发达且具有更好的延伸性能,可有效减轻表土侵蚀,应设置在水位浮动区;埋根和扦插措施下根系能抵抗更大的剪切力,更好地深入土层深处,可设置在岸堤区。Abstract: In order to understand the effect of different soil bioengineering measures on the distribution and tensile mechanical properties of root system, we investigated root biomass distribution and conducted tensile tests on Salix × aureo-pendula roots from four types of soil bioengineering revetment, i.e., rooted cutting, live staking, fascines and brush mattress in the experimental base located at Liuli River in Huairou District, Beijing. All the revetments have been finished for five years. All tested roots were divided into different diameter classes and soil layers for biomass measure and tensile mechanical analysis. The results showed that: root system concentrated in 0-40cm soil layer and root system had the highest density in 0-20cm soil layer in revetments with brush mattress and fascines. There was the highest biomass of roots with diameter less than 1mm in brush mattress measure, accounting for 31.3% of total biomass, followed by that with fascines measure (19.2%). The root tensile force increased with the increasing root diameter in a power function pattern among all bioengineering measures. In 0-20cm layer, the average tensile force had a significant difference, ranking from high to low as rooted cutting>live staking>fascines>brush mattress, while the average ultimate elongation among different measures followed the order of brush mattress> fascines >live staking > rooted cutting. According to our results, the four soil bioengineering measures can be divided into two types: brush mattress and fascines are suitable to be applied to the area near water surface to alleviate loss of topsoil; rooted cutting and live staking can be established on bank slope to increase the slope stabilization of deeper soil layer.
-
Keywords:
- soil bioengineering /
- distribution of root biomass /
- root tensile tests /
- revetment
-
-
[1] 高甲荣,刘瑛, Hanspeter Rauch.土壤生物工程在北京河流生态恢复中的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):152-158. [1] GAO J R,LIU Y,RAUCH H.Application experiment of soil bioengineering in river ecological restoration in Beijing[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(3):152-158.
[2] LÜ C J, CHEN L H. Relationship between root tensile mechanical properties and its main chemical components of typical tree species in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2013, 29(23): 69-78.
[2] SCHWARZ M, LEHMANN P. Quantifying lateral rootreinforcement in steep slopes :from a bundle of roots totree stands[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010, 35(3): 354-367.
[3] LI X P,ZHANG L Q.Application and effectiveness of soil bioengineering in ecological restoration of stream bank[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(9):1705-1710.
[3] GYSSELS G, POESEN J, LIU G, et al. Effects of cereal roots on detachment rates of single and double-drilled topsoils during concentrated flow [J].European Journal of Soil Science,2006,57: 381-391.
[4] WANG Y,GAO J R,LOU H P,et al.Application of soil biological engineering in ecological restoration of Liuli River in Beijing City[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(2):108-112.
[4] 吕春娟,陈丽华. 华北典型植被根系抗拉力学特性及其与主要化学成分关系[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(23):69-78. [5] 李小平,张利权.土壤生物工程在河道坡岸生态修复中应用与效果[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1705-1710. [5] GAO J R,LÜ J,LI X H, et al.Effects of soil bioengineer techniques on soil and riverside highway water conservation [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010,24( 1) : 69-72.
[6] LOU H P, GAO J R,LIU Y, et al.Application of soil bioengineering on road slope revegetation in Beijing suburb[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2010,25(6): 64-68.
[6] 王颖,高甲荣,娄会品,等.土壤生物工程在北京市琉璃河生态恢复中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):108-112. [7] 高甲荣,吕晶,李晓宏,等.土壤生物工程在沿河公路护坡中的初期水土保持效应[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1): 69-72. [7] CHEN L H, YU X X,SONG W F, et al. Mechanics of root-soil[M]. Beijing:Science Press ,2008:10-11,44.
[8] LÜ C J, CHEN L H, ZHOU S, et al. Root mechanical characteristics of different tree species[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011,27(Suppl.1): 329-335.
[8] 娄会品,高甲荣,刘瑛,等.土壤生物工程在北京山区公路边坡防护中的应用[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25( 6) : 64-68. [9] 陈丽华,余新晓,宋维峰,等.林木根系固土力学机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:10-11,44. [9] JI Y H,WEI X Y.A study on root morphological of belt on the river embankment[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences,1998,22(3):31-34.
[10] HAN F P, ZHENG J Y, ZHANG X C. Plant root system distribution and its effect on soil nutrient on slope land converted from farmland in the Loess Plateau[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(2):50-55.
[10] 吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,等.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊1):329-335. [11] 季永华,韦晓云.河堤防护林带树木根系形态特征的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,22(3):31-34. [11] XIE M S. A study on the soil mechanical role of tree roots in the stability of slopes[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,4(3):7-14.
[12] CHEN L H,JI J N,JI X D, et al.Mechanical property of tree root [M].Beijing:Science Press,2012:1-20.
[12] ZIEMER P R. Roots and shallow stability of forested slopes[J]. Int Ass Hydrol Sci Publ, 1981,132:343-361.
[13] 韩凤朋,郑纪勇,张兴昌.黄土退耕坡地植物根系分布特征及其对土壤养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(2):50-55. [13] XU Y M.Wood science [M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2006:117.
[14] WANG B,GAO J R,CHEN Q,et al.Surface root system in three types of willow revetment[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(12):26-29,42.
[14] 解明曙.林木根系固坡土力学机制研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(3):7-14. [15] PAN R C.Plant physiology[M].6th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008:6.
[15] 陈丽华,及金楠,冀晓东,等.林木根系基本力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:1-20. [16] 徐有明.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:117. [16] JI X B,KANG E S,CHEN R S,et al.Research advances about water-uptake models by plant roots[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(5):1079-1086.
[17] LI H K,WANG Z L,HE X X.Root systems distribution of prickly ash in terrace edge and determination of their strength of force[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(1):38-41.
[17] 王兵,高甲荣,陈琼,等.护岸柳树表层根系生长的影响因素[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(12):26-29,42. [18] 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].6版.北京:高等教育出版社,2008:6. [18] ZHU Q K,CHEN L H, ZHANG D S,et al.Mechanisms of soil-reinforcement by roots in forest ecological systems in Gongga Mountain[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2002, 24(4):64-67.
[19] 吉喜斌,康尔泗,陈仁升,等.植物根系吸水模型研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(5):1079-1086. [19] ZHANG J C,TANG L X.A study on the root system conserving soil action of tree belt on the seawall in northern Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,8(2):43-47.
[20] LI Y,XU X Q,ZHU X M,et al.Plant roots and soil anti-scourability[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,7(3):11-18.
[20] 李会科,王忠林,贺秀贤.地埂花椒林根系分布及力学强度测定[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(1):38-41. [21] CHENG H,ZHANG X Q.An experimental study on herb plant root system for strength principle of soil-fixation[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,22(5):20-23.
[21] 朱清科,陈丽华,张东升,等.贡嘎山森林生态系统根系固土力学机制研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(4):64-67. [22] 张金池,唐立新.苏北海堤林带树木根系固土功能研究[J].水土保持学报,1994,8(2),43-47. [22] LIU D H, LI Y. Mechanism of plant roots improving resistance of soil to concentrated flow erosion[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(3):34-37.
[23] GENET M, STOKES A, SALIN F,et al. The influence of cellulose content on tensile strength in tree roots [J]. Plant and soil,2005,278(1-2): 1-9.
[23] LI Q, LIU G B, XU M X,et al.Soil anti-scouribility and its related physical properties on abandoned land in the Hilly Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(10):153-159.
[24] 李勇,徐晓琴,朱显谟,等. 植物根系与土壤抗冲性关 [J].水土保持学报,1993,7(3):11-18. [24] WANG Z L.Analyses of affecting factors of soil erosion and its harms in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2000,16(4):32-36.
[25] ZHOU S. Study on tensile mechanical characteristics of root system[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University,2011: 13-15.
[25] 程洪,张新全.草本植物根系网固土原理的力学试验探究[J].水土保持通报,2002,22(5):20-23. [26] XIONG Y M, XIA H P, LI Z A, et al. Effects and mechanisms of plant roots on slope reinforcement and soil erosion resistance:a research review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007, 18(4):895-904.
[26] 刘定辉,李勇.植物根系提高土壤抗侵蚀性机理研究 [J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):34-37. [27] WAN L,WANG Z H,YANG C B.Mechanical mechanism of soil-reinforcement for different plant communities in ecological restoration region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10): 278-283.
[27] 李强,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒地土壤抗冲性及相关理化性质[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(10): 153-159. [28] ZHAO L B, ZHANG B G,SU Z Z.Quantitative analysis of soil anti-shearing strength enhancement by the root systems of herb plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16(3):718-722.
[28] 王占礼.中国土壤侵蚀影响因素及其危害分析[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):32-36 [29] 周朔. 林木根系拉伸力学特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011: 13-15. [30] WU T H, MCKINELL W P, SWANSTON D N. Strength of tree roots and landslides on Prince of Wales Island,[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1979,16(1):19-33.
[31] 熊燕梅,夏汉平,李志安,等.植物根系固坡抗蚀的效应与机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18 (4):895-904. [32] 万利,王震洪,杨成波.生态修复区不同植物群体的根系固土力学机理[J].农业工程学报, 2009,25(10):278-283. [33] 赵丽兵,张宝贵,苏志珠.草本植物根系增强土壤抗剪切强度的量化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2008, 16(3):718-722. -
期刊类型引用(4)
1. 赵海民. 缺磷胁迫对旱柳生长及光合作用的影响. 河北林业科技. 2023(02): 16-20 . 
百度学术
2. 张亚伟，孙海龙，郑鸿权，卫月华. 施肥对水曲柳林木叶片SPAD值的影响. 森林工程. 2020(05): 34-39+44 . 百度学术
3. 裘珍飞，范春节，曾炳山. 缺磷培养下黑木相思苗木的生理生化响应. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学). 2020(06): 27-33 . 百度学术
4. 范春楠，郑金萍，韩士杰，郭忠玲，王丽丽，周振钊. 吉林省中东部森林分布区水曲柳分布及其生态特征. 北京林业大学学报. 2017(04): 1-11 . 本站查看
其他类型引用(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2395
- HTML全文浏览量: 245
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 11
下载:
