Abstract: We treated the decorative veneer and the nonwoven paper by ultrasonic impregnation with the composite flame retardant, and developed a new type of flame retardant wood wallpaper (FRWW). The flame retardant properties of FRWW were characterized by a cone calorimeter test (CCT) and compared with those of the PVC wallpaper. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the surface microstructure and the surface elements and content of FRWW. The functional groups of FRWW were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CIE1976 (L*a* b*) color space was used to characterize the color difference of the wood wallpaper before and after flame retardant treatment. Results showed that:1) Compared with the PVC wallpaper, the ignition time of FRWW was delayed 2 times; the heat release rate and the effective combustion heat were decreased by 8.88% and 30.79%, respectively. The total smoke release rate and the specific extinction area were reduced by 28.02% and 53.09% respectively. However, the total heat release, mass loss rate and CO release amount of FRWW and PVC had no marked difference. 2) The combustion growth rate index of FRWW decreased by 81.93%, and the fire performance index increased to 2.17 times higher than that of the PVC wallpaper, suggesting that the former has better fire safety level. 3) The flame retardant was distributed on the fiber pores of FRWW surface with irregular micron size distribution, and the main elements were C(31.15%), O(42.07%), N(19.77%), P(5.67%) and other trace elements. 4) The infrared absorption peak positions of the active functional groups (—NH and P—O—Ar) of FRWW were in 1 042 cm-1 and 1 015 cm-1, respectively. 5) The ΔE*ab of FRWW was only 1.734, showing that the flame retardant treatment has little effect on the decorative effect of the wood wallpaper.