Structure and properties characterization of the flame retardant wood wallpaper.
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摘要: 为了开发新型阻燃木质壁纸,采用复合阻燃剂(组成包括聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、磷酸胍和纳米有机蒙脱土)对壁纸的面层装饰薄木和底层无纺纸分别进行超声浸渍处理,制成阻燃木质壁纸(FRWW)。采用锥形量热仪、扫描电镜和电子能谱、傅里叶红外光谱分别表征FRWW的阻燃性、表面微观结构和元素种类及含量、化学反应官能团。采用CIE1976(L*a*b*)色空间表色系统对阻燃前后木质壁纸的色差进行表征。结果表明:1)与PVC壁纸相比,FRWW的点燃时间延迟了2倍,热释放速率和有效燃烧热分别减少了8.88%和30.79%,总烟释放量和比消光面积分别减少了28.02%和53.09%,但FRWW的总热释放量、质量损失率及CO释放量与PVC壁纸的相差不大;2)FRWW比PVC壁纸的燃烧增长速率指数降低81.93%、火灾性能指数提高2.17倍,显示出前者具有更好的消防安全性;3)阻燃剂以不规则微米级粒状分布于FRWW表面,元素组成主要为C(31.15%)、O(42.07%)、N(19.77%)、P(5.67%)和其他微量元素;4)FRWW中的阻燃活性官能团(仲氨—NH和P—O—Ar)吸收峰位置在1 042和1 015 cm-1处;5)FRWW的色差值ΔE*ab仅为1.734,表明阻燃处理对木质壁纸的装饰效果影响较小。Abstract: We treated the decorative veneer and the nonwoven paper by ultrasonic impregnation with the composite flame retardant, and developed a new type of flame retardant wood wallpaper (FRWW). The flame retardant properties of FRWW were characterized by a cone calorimeter test (CCT) and compared with those of the PVC wallpaper. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the surface microstructure and the surface elements and content of FRWW. The functional groups of FRWW were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CIE1976 (L*a* b*) color space was used to characterize the color difference of the wood wallpaper before and after flame retardant treatment. Results showed that:1) Compared with the PVC wallpaper, the ignition time of FRWW was delayed 2 times; the heat release rate and the effective combustion heat were decreased by 8.88% and 30.79%, respectively. The total smoke release rate and the specific extinction area were reduced by 28.02% and 53.09% respectively. However, the total heat release, mass loss rate and CO release amount of FRWW and PVC had no marked difference. 2) The combustion growth rate index of FRWW decreased by 81.93%, and the fire performance index increased to 2.17 times higher than that of the PVC wallpaper, suggesting that the former has better fire safety level. 3) The flame retardant was distributed on the fiber pores of FRWW surface with irregular micron size distribution, and the main elements were C(31.15%), O(42.07%), N(19.77%), P(5.67%) and other trace elements. 4) The infrared absorption peak positions of the active functional groups (—NH and P—O—Ar) of FRWW were in 1 042 cm-1 and 1 015 cm-1, respectively. 5) The ΔE*ab of FRWW was only 1.734, showing that the flame retardant treatment has little effect on the decorative effect of the wood wallpaper.
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