Study on spatial-temporal variability of volatile components inLagerstroemia indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'
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摘要: 为了研究紫薇‘香雪云’香气成分的时空动态变化，本文利用顶空-固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术，分析‘香雪云’花朵挥发性成分在4个开花时期(半开期、盛开期、盛开末期、衰败期)和盛开期花朵的3个花器官部位(花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊)中的释放规律。结果表明：1)从紫薇‘香雪云’花朵的4个开花时期中，共检测出80种挥发性成分，分别属于11个类别；倍半萜类、单萜类和苯类化合物是其中具有较高质量分数的化合物类别；α-法尼烯、松香芹酮和苯乙醇等是盛开期中具有较高质量分数的挥发性成分。2)在紫薇‘香雪云’的不同开花阶段，各挥发性成分的释放规律不同；共呈现出6种主要的挥发模式，即持续下降模式、先下降后上升模式、先下降后上升再下降模式、持续上升模式、先上升后下降模式和先上升后下降再上升模式。3)就花器官而言，花瓣中的苯类化合物和萜类化合物的质量分数均较高；雌蕊和雄蕊中则均以萜类化合物为主，但化合物种类及其质量分数也存在较大差异。研究结果为了解紫薇属植物的香气成分奠定了基础，为紫薇香花定向育种提供了依据。Abstract: This study aims to determine the spatial-temporal variability of volatile components ofLagerstroemia indica 'Xiang Xue Yun' by headspace solid micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma compounds of flowers at four different developmental periods(middle-opening period, full-opening period, late-blooming period, bloom-declining period) and three floral organs(petal, stamen, pistil) in full-opening period were studied. The results showed that: 1) eighty volatile compounds belonging to 11 categories were identified from flowers during the whole flowering process ofL.indica'Xiang Xue Yun', of which, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes and benzenoids were the main categories with high mass fraction and α-farnesene, pinocarvone and phenylethyl alcohol were the major volatile components emitted with high mass fraction. 2) Volatile compounds emitted fromL.indica 'Xiang Xue Yun' flower during flowering showed six different modes: the continuely-declining pattern; declining first and then rising pattern; the pattern of declining first, rising later and then declining again; continuely-rising pattern; rising first and then declining pattern; the pattern of rising first, later declining and then rising again. 3) In petals, the mass fraction of benzenoids and terpene compounds was high, while in pistil and stamen, the relative content of terpene compounds was high. But the volatile compounds and their mass fraction were distinctly different at different floral organs ofL.indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'. This study lays a good foundation to understand the volatile organic compounds ofLagerstroemia plants and to provide the basis for fragrant breeding of crape myrtle.
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图 1 紫薇‘香雪云’不同开花时期花朵挥发性成分的总离子色谱图
Figure 1. Total ion chromatogram of volatile components emitted fromLagerstroemia indica 'Xiang Xue Yun' flowers at different developmental stages
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图 2 紫薇‘香雪云’不同开花阶段挥发性成分类别及其含量的变化
Figure 2. Changes of different categories of VOCs at different developmental stages ofL. indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'
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图 3 紫薇‘香雪云’不同开花阶段挥发性成分类别及其含量的变化
Figure 3. Changes of different categories of VOCs at different developmental stages ofL. indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'
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图 4 紫薇‘香雪云’不同花器官部位挥发性成分种类及数量的变化
Figure 4. Changes of component type and number of volatile at different flower organs ofL. indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'
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图 5 紫薇‘香雪云’不同花器官部位挥发性成分类别及其含量的变化
Figure 5. Changes of component type and content of volatile at different flower organs ofL. indica 'Xiang Xue Yun'
表 1 ‘香雪云’不同开花时期及花器官部位释放的挥发性有机成分及质量分数
Table 1 Components and mass fraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) at different developmental stages and floral organs ofLagerstroemia indica ‘Xiang Xue Yun’
% 保留时间
Retention time
(Rt)/min保留指数
Retention index
(RI)化合物
Compound质量分数Mass fraction/% A B C D E F G 5.60 761(762) 甲苯Toluene 0.06 — — — — Tr 0.20 9.86 866(868) 反-4-己烯醇Trans-4-hexenol 0.12 0.09 — — — — — 10.03 869(857) 叶醇Leaf alcohol — 0.07 — — — — — 10.11 871(869) E-3-己烯醇E-3-hexenol — 0.16 — — — — — 10.76 883(874) 5-甲基-3-亚甲基-5-己烯-2-酮
5-methyl-3-methylene-5-hexen-2-one0.03 — — — — — — 11.12 890(892) 苯乙烯Styrene 0.04 — — — — — 0.29 12.46 917(915) 茴香醚Anisole — 0.02 — — — 0.22 — 13.23 933(930) α-侧柏烯α-thujene — — — — — — 0.08 14.09 950(946) 莰烯Camphene — — — — — — 0.09 14.96 966(962) 安息香醛Benzaldehyde 1.84 — — — — — — 17.30 1 006(992) (4E)-4-已烯基乙酯(4E)-4-hexenyl acetate 0.2 0.03 2.44 — — — — 17.72 1 015(1 011) 乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate — — 1.33 — — — — 18.01 1 021(1 018) 对-甲基茴香醚p-methylanisole — 0.08 1.12 — 0.31 — — 18.12 1 023(1 019) o-伞花烃o-cymene — — 0.57 0.91 — — — 18.36 1 028(1 028) D-柠檬烯D-limonene 0.03 0.03 1.32 3.32 — — 0.20 18.80 1 037(1 037) 顺-α-罗勒烯cis-α-ocimene 0.02 0.06 0.75 1.45 — — 0.12 19.00 1 041(1 043) 2-乙基己酸甲酯Methyl2-ethylhexanoate 0.76 0.28 1.99 1.81 0.02 0.28 Tr 19.33 1 047(1 045) α-甲苯甲醛α-tolualdehyde 16.57 1.83 11.63 33.00 0.22 0.32 1.54 19.40 1 048(1 046) β-反-罗勒烯β-trans-ocimene 14.32 0.58 Tr — — — — 19.99 1 060(1 066) 2-异丙基-5-甲基-1-己醇
2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-hexanol— — — — — — 0.17 20.30 1 065(1 051) 苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol — 0.07 — — — — — 21.16 1 080(1 068) β-苯乙基甲酯β-phenylethyl methyl ether — — — — 0.05 — — 21.32 1 083(1 083) 萜品油烯Terpinolene — — 0.24 0.77 — — — 21.72 1 090(1 119) 顺-马鞭草烯酮cis-verbenone Tr 0.55 0.61 2.38 0.31 2.31 0.55 22.03 1 095(1 099) 紫苏烯Perillen — — Tr 0.57 0.03 0.70 0.45 22.61 1 106(1 111) 玫瑰醚Rose oxide 0.03 0.04 1.55 1.37 0.01 0.80 — 22.76 1 110(1 114) 松香芹酮Pinocarvone 0.88 21.66 11.26 24.80 16.31 13.60 14.82 23.00 1 115(1 116) 苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol 33.54 11.85 — — 36.71 — — 23.45 1 125(1 127) 反-玫瑰醚trans-rose oxide — — 0.32 1.85 — — — 24.20 1 141(1 142) 苯乙腈Benzyl nitrile 1.42 0.27 0.70 — 1.46 — — 24.80 1 154(1 151) β-香茅醛β-citronellal 0.55 — — — 0.08 0.18 0.04 26.01 1 178(1 177) 苯乙酸甲酯Methyl phenylacetate 0.15 0.10 0.14 — 0.02 — — 26.64 1 190(1 191) 1-十二烯1-dodecene Tr 0.03 — 0.70 0.02 Tr 0.23 27.04 1 197(1 195) 龙蒿脑Estragole 0.38 0.15 1.14 Tr 4.55 0.11 0.43 27.47 1 205(1 213) 2-甲基-3-十一醇2-methyl-3-decanol — 0.04 0.72 — — — — 27.49 1 206(1 207) 癸醛Decanal 0.16 — 3.49 — — — — 28.55 1 230(1 226) 顺-3-己烯基-α-丁酸甲酯
cis-3-hexenyl-α-methylbutyrate— 0.30 3.14 — — — — 29.02 1 240(1 240) β-柠檬醛β-citral 1.03 — — — — — — 29.81 1 257(1 260) 3, 7-二甲基-6-辛烯酸甲酯Methyl citronellate 2.26 0.16 — — — 4.82 — 29.90 1 259(1 252) p-茴香醛p-anisaldehyde 2.88 — — — — — — 30.44 1 270(1 268) 柠檬醛Citral 1.10 0.02 0.29 Tr 0.01 0.17 0.48 32.59 1 316 2, 6-二甲基-2, 6-十二二烯
2, 6-dimethyl-2, 6-dodecadiene0.17 0.06 — — 0.19 — — 32.73 1 319(1 322) 甲酸香叶酯Methyl geranate 4.71 2.09 — 0.61 — 46.1 — 33.63 1 340(1 350) (5Z)-2, 6, 10-三甲-1, 5, 9-十一三烯
(5Z)-2, 6, 10-trimethyl-1, 5, 9-undecatriene0.22 0.07 — — 0.03 — — 33.81 1 344 异喇叭烯Isoledene — — — — 0.02 — — 33.86 1 345(1 367) 2, 5-二甲基-2, 5双(过氧化氢)己烷
2, 5-dimethylhexane-2, 5-dihydroperoxide1.22 1.05 12.06 5.17 0.03 0.11 8.39 34.15 1 352(1 387) 长叶烯-(V4)Longifolene-(V4) — — — — 0.03 — — 35.06 1 372(1 375) α-古巴烯α-copaene 0.16 0.38 0.78 0.87 0.36 0.44 0.91 36.09 1 395(1 400) 十四烷Tetradecane 0.08 0.05 1.10 0.53 0.02 0.17 1.45 36.30 1 399(1 394) β-榄香烯β-elemene Tr Tr — — 0.01 0.04 0.32 36.41 1 401(1 403) α-古芸烯α-gurjunene 0.08 0.64 0.39 Tr 0.56 0.58 0.31 36.52 1 404(1 404) 长叶烯Longifolene 0.10 0.02 0.83 0.31 Tr 0.19 1.19 36.80 1 411(1 415) α-雪松烯α-cedrene 0.11 0.02 0.70 0.40 0.04 0.08 0.38 36.94 1 414(1 418) β-石竹烯β-caryophyllene 3.17 4.99 5.34 9.82 3.23 4.33 16.33 37.13 1 419(1 421) β-雪松烯β-cedrene 0.02 Tr — — Tr Tr 0.06 37.29 1 423(1 428) 罗汉柏烯Thujopsene Tr 0.06 Tr Tr 0.03 0.07 0.31 37.37 1 426(1 423) β-荜澄茄油烯β-cubebene 0.10 0.05 — — 0.04 0.07 0.25 37.57 1 430(1 433) 二氢-β-紫罗兰酮Dihydro-β-ionone 0.02 0.02 — — 0.01 Tr 0.17 37.76 1 435(1 439) (+)-香橙烯(+)-aromadendrene — — — — — — 0.34 38.06 1 443(1 431) β-刺柏烯β-gurjunene — — — — 0.10 0.11 0.24 38.21 1 446(1 453) 香叶基丙酮Geranyl acetone 0.09 0.07 2.73 — 0.06 Tr 0.30 38.31 1 448(1 447) (Z)-β-金合欢烯(Z)-β-farnesene 0.12 0.34 — — 0.25 0.12 0.59 38.44 1452(1 455) α-律草烯α-humulene 0.26 0.86 0.64 0.80 0.65 0.87 2.17 38.61 1456(1 457) 香树烯Allo-aromadendrene 0.30 0.75 — — 0.79 0.91 1.46 39.12 1468(1 473) τ-古芸烯τ-gurjunene 0.03 0.11 — — 0.11 0.16 0.18 39.28 1471(1 473) τ-衣兰油烯τ-muurolene 0.08 0.19 Tr — 0.15 0.17 0.72 39.49 1477(1 475) α-紫穗槐烯α-amorphene 0.07 0.33 — — 0.36 0.16 0.05 39.87 1485(1 496) (Z,E)-α-法尼烯(Z,E)-α-farnesene 0.30 1.96 1.22 Tr 1.12 0.70 1.74 40.13 1 491(1 499) 瓦伦烯Valencene 0.13 0.45 0.82 — 0.73 0.8 1.00 40.24 1 494(1 495) α-衣兰油烯α-muurolene 0.37 0.46 — — 0.44 0.65 3.28 40.42 1 498(1 503) α-法尼烯α-farnesene 2.50 33.72 6.99 1.98 19.40 5.30 7.54 40.60 1 503(1 494) α-桉叶烯α-selinene Tr 0.07 — — 0.01 — 0.18 40.82 1 508(1 510) τ-杜松烯τ-cadinene 1.13 3.95 2.15 0.40 4.13 6.44 2.66 41.02 1 514(1 520) δ-杜松烯δ-cadinene 0.66 2.53 1.06 2.27 2.66 3.96 12.12 41.20 1 518(1 520) (+)-喇叭烯(+)-ledene 0.11 0.84 0.62 — 0.47 0.16 0.62 41.76 1 533(1 536) α-杜松烯α-cadinene 0.12 0.36 0.19 — 0.37 0.48 0.48 42.71 1 559(1 559) ±-反-橙花叔醇±-trans-nerolidol 0.33 0.31 — — 0.46 0.04 7.30 42.90 1 562(1 564) 橙花叔醇Nerolidol — 0.27 — — 0.15 — — 43.14 1 568(1 560) 榧素Dendrolasin — 0.54 0.84 0.56 0.67 1.00 0.24 43.67 1 583(1 591) 异丁酸酯Txib 0.73 0.24 3.90 2.40 0.04 0.13 1.29 44.15 1 594(1 600) 十六烷Hexadecane 0.10 — — — — 0.10 0.40 44.64 1 606(1 604) 雪松醇Cedrol 0.28 — — — 0.01 — 0.20 44.75 1 609(1 594) 胡萝卜醇Carotol 0.95 — — — 0.03 — — 44.90 1 613(1 614) 异愈创木醇Bulnesol 0.18 1.70 0.56 Tr 0.61 0.28 0.43 45.86 1 639(1 638) 杜松醇Cadinol 0.32 0.83 0.99 Tr 1.03 1.45 3.71 47.87 1 691(1 700) 正十七烷n-heptadecane 0.08 0.04 3.73 0.64 0.01 0.11 0.40 48.40 1 705(1 714) E,E-金合欢醛E,E-farnesal 0.49 — — — — — — 49.35 1 732(1 730) 反-金合欢醇trans-farnesol 1.50 — — — — — — 注：A，半开期；B，盛开期；C，盛开末期；D，衰败期；E，花瓣；F，雄蕊；G，雌蕊；Tr，质量分数＜0.01%；—，不含该化合物。保留指数列中括号内数值为文献值。Notes: A, middle-opening period; B, full-opening period; C, late-blooming period; D, bloom-declining period; E, petal; F, stamen; G, pistil; Tr, mass fraction is＜0.01%; —, not contained this kind of compound. Bracketed value in retention index column is literature value. 
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