风场及光伏电场配置对阵列风沙结构影响的模拟分析

陈曦; 高永; 娜仁格日勒; 翟波; 王余彦; 史万林

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20170137

风场及光伏电场配置对阵列风沙结构影响的模拟分析

1.
内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院
2.
锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗苗圃
3.
中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司
4.
锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗林政资源管理站

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41461001

详细信息

作者简介:
陈曦，博士生。主要研究方向：荒漠化防治。Email:15184762218@163.com 地址：010018 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市赛罕区鄂尔多斯大街内蒙古农业大学新校区生命科学大楼沙漠治理学院733室

责任作者:
高永，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：荒漠化防治。Email:13948815709@163.com 地址：同上

中图分类号: S157.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-04-13
- 修回日期: 2017-06-05
- 发布日期: 2017-07-31

Simulation analysis of effects of wind field and photovoltaic DC field allocation on aeolian-sand structure

1.
Desert Science and Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, P. R. China
2.
Xianghuang Banner Nursery Garden, Xianghuang Banner, Inner Mongolia, 013250, P. R. China
3.
Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100024, P. R. China
4.
Station of Forestry Administration and Resource, Xianghuang Banner, Inner Mongolia, 013250, P. R. China

摘要

摘要: 以对比分析不同风场及电站配置模式下光伏阵列对风沙输移的影响差异为研究目的，通过风洞模拟实验对不同风速、风向、电站阵列行距及是否布设麦草沙障时阵列在0~50 cm内的输沙情况进行分析，并对风沙流结构进行了探讨。结果表明：1)在0~50 cm高度范围内，阵列模型的输沙率与风速大小呈正比，与集沙高度呈反比，3个试验风速下输沙率均以多项式拟合关系最佳；2)当风向为南风时阵列输沙率及其风沙流结构特征值(λ)最高，南风(180°)、东北风(45°)、西北风(315°)的输沙最佳拟合函数分别为多项式函数、对数函数和指数函数；3)当阵列行距为20 cm时(以野外电场为原型等比例缩小值)阵列输沙率最高；4)当阵列前端布设麦草沙障后阵列风沙流结构特征值(λ)为1.75，即此时风沙流呈不饱和状态，具有挟沙能力。
- 光伏阵列 /
- 风速 /
- 风向 /
- 行间距 /
- 麦草沙障
Abstract: The sand transport and aeolian-sand structure of the array in 0-50 cm with different wind speeds, wind direction, power station array spacing, and whether or not there are the wheat straw sand barrier were analyzed by wind tunnel simulation, which aimed to investigate the effect of photovoltaic array on drifting sand with different allocation of wind field and photovoltaic DC field. The results showed that: 1) the sand transport rate of the array was proportional to the wind speed, and inversely proportional to the sand collection height in 0-50 cm. And the polynomial simulation of the sand transport rate under 3 kinds of wind speed was optimal. 2) The sand transport rate of the array and its characteristic value (λ) of aeolian-sand flow were the highest when the wind was south. And the best simulation of the south wind (180°), northeast wind (45°) and northwest wind (315°) were polynomial, logarithmic and exponential function, respectively. 3)The sand transport rate of the array in 20 cm (reduced in equal proportion to electric field) was the highest. 4) The characteristic value of aeolian-sand flow structure was 1.75 when the wheat straw sand barrier was laid at the front of the array, indicating unsaturated status and sand carrying capacity of aeolian-sand flow at this time.
- photovoltaic array /
- wind speed /
- wind direction /
- line space /
- wheat straw sand barrier

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图 1 试验布设示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram for measurement setting

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图 2 不同风速下输沙率随集沙高度的变化

Figure 2. Sand transport rate with sand collection height under different wind speeds

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图 3 不同风向下输沙率随集沙高度的变化

Figure 3. Variation of sand transport rate with sand collection height

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图 4 不同光伏阵列行距下输沙率随集沙高度的变化

Figure 4. Sand transport rate under different line spaces of photovoltaic array

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图 5 有无麦草沙障条件下输沙率随集沙高度的变化

Figure 5. Sand transport rate under laying straw sand barriers or not

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表 1 光伏电板不同倾角理论发电值

Table 1 Theorectical power value for different dip angles of photovoltatic electroplax

kWh·m^-2·d^-1
月份 Month	安装角度Installation angle
月份 Month	34°	35°	36°	37°	38°	39°	40°	41°
1月January	4.04	4.07	4.11	4.14	4.18	4.21	4.24	4.27
2月February	5.00	5.03	5.06	5.09	5.11	5.14	5.16	5.18
3月March	5.41	5.42	5.43	5.43	5.43	5.43	5.43	5.43
4月April	5.75	5.74	5.72	5.70	5.69	5.67	5.65	5.62
5月May	5.98	5.95	5.91	5.88	5.85	5.81	5.77	5.74
6月June	5.75	5.71	5.67	5.63	5.60	5.56	5.51	5.47
7月July	5.54	5.51	5.48	5.44	5.41	5.37	5.34	5.30
8月Augest	5.28	5.26	5.24	5.44	5.20	5.17	5.15	5.12
9月September	4.44	4.44	4.44	4.43	4.43	4.42	4.41	4.40
10月October	4.54	4.55	4.56	4.58	4.59	4.60	4.61	4.61
11月November	4.35	4.38	4.41	4.44	4.47	4.50	4.52	4.55
12月December	3.86	3.90	3.94	3.98	4.01	4.05	4.08	4.12
全年Annual/MWh	84 873.75	84 917.00	84 942.99	84 951.69	84 943.12	84 917.17	84 874.17	84 813.80

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表 2 试验因素及水平的设置

Table 2 Test factors and levels for text

控制因素Test factor	试验水平Test level
控制因素Test factor	水平1 Level 2	水平2 Level 2	水平3 Level 3
风向Wind direction/(°)	45	315	180
阵列行距Spacing of array/cm	18	20	22
是否布设沙障Setting barrier or not	是Exist	否Without

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表 3 试验土壤颗粒的描述性统计特征

Table 3 Descriptive statistical characteristics of soil particle composition information

%
粒级Particle size	平均值Mean	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准差Standard deviation
粗沙Coarse sand (1.0~0.5 mm)	11.99	15.95	7.08	4.38
中沙Middle sand (0.5~0.25 mm)	47.46	49.18	44.45	2.04
细沙Silver sand (0.25~0.1 mm)	38.93	43.04	35.36	3.16
极细沙Very fine sand (0.1~0.05 mm)	1.49	2.65	0.7	0.88

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表 4 不同风速下输沙率随集沙高度变化拟合方程

Table 4 Fitting equations for the relationships between sand transport rate and sand collection heights under different wind speeds

风速Wind speed/ (m·s^-1)	关系式 Relational expression	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关选择 Correlate selection
10	Q=2×10^-6h²-7×10^-5h+0.000 7	R²=0.844 2	最佳Optimum
10	Q=-3×10^-4ln(h)+0.000 8	R²=0.840 4	相关Related
12	Q=-0.022ln(h)+0.065 3	R²=0.932 1	最佳Optimum
12	Q=0.000 2h²-0.006 4h+0.061 6	R²=0.807 5	相关Related
16	Q=1.258 3e^-0.215h	R²=0.985 4	最佳Optimum
	Q=0.001 8h²-0.072 7h+0.744 1	R²=0.970 4	较佳Better
	Q=-0.249ln(h)+0.769 1	R²=0.925 2	较佳Better

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表 5 风速对风沙流结构分布的影响

Table 5 Sand flow structure with different wind speeds

风速Wind speed/ (m·s^-1)	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/(g·min^-1·cm^-2)	不同高度气流场输沙率 Sand transport rate of airflow field under different heights/%			特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
风速Wind speed/ (m·s^-1)	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/(g·min^-1·cm^-2)	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~50 cm	特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
10	0.004	54.67	39.72	5.61	0.10
12	0.370	57.80	30.25	11.95	0.21
16	4.770	59.37	26.16	14.47	0.24

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表 6 不同风向下输沙率随集沙高变化拟合方程

Table 6 Fitting equation for the relationships between sand transport rate and sand collection heights under different wind directions

风向 Wind direction	拟合关系式 Simulated relation expression	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关选择 Correlate selection
45°	Q=0.379 8e^-0.249h	R²=0.974 2	最佳 Optimum
45°	Q= 1.703 8h^-2.042	R²=0.842 0	相关 Related
315°	Q=0.240 9e^-0.159h	R²=0.931 2	最佳 Optimum
	Q=-0.113 ln(h)+0.3273	R²=0.860 9	较佳 Better
	Q=0.001 1h²-0.039 3h+0.328 1	R²=0.809 6	较佳 Better
180°	Q=1.258 3e^-0.215h	R²=0.985 4	最佳 Optimum
	Q=0.001 8h²-0.072 7h+0.744 1	R²=0.970 4	较佳 Better
	Q=-0.249 ln(h)+0.769 1	R²=0.925 2	较佳 Better

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表 7 风向对风沙流结构分布的影响

Table 7 Sand flow structure with different sand directions

风向 Wind direction	总输沙率 Total sand tansport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	不同高度气流场输沙率 Sand transport rate of different height airflow field/%			特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
风向 Wind direction	总输沙率 Total sand tansport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~50 cm	特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
180°	4.77	59.37	26.16	14.47	0.24
315°	1.65	66.70	20.51	12.79	0.19
45°	1.42	72.46	17.53	10.02	0.14

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表 8 输沙率随光伏阵列行距变化的拟合方程

Table 8 Fitting equations for the relationships between sand transport rate and sand collection heights with different line spaces of photovoltaic array

行距 Spacing/cm	关系式 Relation expression	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关选择 Correlate selection
18	Q=-0.122ln(h)+0.331 4	R²=0.626 2	最佳 Optimum
18	Q=0.001 4h-0.045 4h+0.334 5	R²=0.559 3	较佳 Better
20	Q=1.258 3e^-0.215h	R²=0.985 4	最佳 Optimum
	Q=0.001 8h-0.072 7h+0.744 1	R²=0.970 4	较佳 Better
	Q=-0.249ln(h)+0.769 1	R²=0.925 2	较佳 Better
22	Q=0.537 2e^-0.25h	R²=0.975 3	最佳 Optimum
22	Q=2.330 9h^2.032	R²=0.829 4	相关 Related

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表 9 光伏阵列行距对风沙流结构分布的影响

Table 9 Sand flow structure with different line spaces of photovoltaic array

行距 Spacing/cm	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	不同高度气流场输沙率 Sand transport rate of different height airflow field/%			特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
行距 Spacing/cm	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~50 cm	特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
18	1.22	85.73	10.13	4.15	0.05
20	4.77	59.37	26.16	14.47	0.24
22	1.98	72.72	17.29	9.99	0.14

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表 10 输沙率随是否布设沙障的拟合方程

Table 10 Fitting equations for the relationships between sand transport rate and sand collection heights with laying straw sand barriers or not

是否布设沙障 Setting barrier or not	关系式 Relation expression	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	相关选择 Correlate selection
有 With	Q=-0.000 3h²+0.004 2h+0.075 4	R²=0.855 2	最佳 Optimum
有 With	Q=0.147 2e^-0.078h	R²=0.732 4	较佳 Better
无 Without	Q=1.258 3e^-0.215h	R²=0.985 4	最佳 Optimum
	Q=0.001 8h²-0.072 7h+0.744 1	R²=0.970 4	较佳 Better
	Q=-0.249ln(h)+0.769 1	R²=0.925 2	较佳 Better

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表 11 布设沙障对风沙流结构分布的影响

Table 11 Sand flow structure with laying straw sand barriers or not

是否布设沙障 Setting barrier or not	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	不同高度气流场输沙率 Sand transport rate of airflow field under different heights/%			特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
是否布设沙障 Setting barrier or not	总输沙率 Total sand transport rate/ (g·min^-1·cm^-2)	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~50 cm	特征值 Characteristic value (λ)
有沙障Exist	1.59	24.43	32.93	42.64	1.75
无沙障Without	4.77	59.37	26.16	14.47	0.24

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