密度、灌草盖度和树干形态对油松人工风景林林内景观指数的影响

李苹; 毛斌; 许丽娟; 吴鞠; 刘海轩; 徐程扬

doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180067

密度、灌草盖度和树干形态对油松人工风景林林内景观指数的影响

Effects of density, shrub-herb coverage and trunk shape on the in-forest patch index of planted Pinus tabuliformis forests

摘要

摘要:
目的林分密度、灌草盖度和树干形态是影响风景林林内景观质量的重要因子，本文从色彩斑块景观指数变化特点角度，对北京油松人工风景林林内景观质量形成机理进行探讨。
方法通过林内景观画面的色彩斑块结构特点解析，研究了林分密度、灌草盖度和树干形态变化对林内景观指数的影响。
结果林分密度对斑块分裂指数(SPI)有显著影响，SPI随林分密度的增大而减小；灌草盖度对聚集度指数(AI)、景观形状指数(LSI)有显著影响，随灌草盖度增大两个指数均增大；树干形态对辛普森均匀度指数(SIEI)有极显著影响，对LSI有显著影响，LSI在树干弯曲与通直并存时数值较大，SIEI在树干通直时数值较大；林分密度与灌草盖度的交互作用对LSI、SPI、SIEI有显著影响，3个指数随林分密度的增大而减小，随灌草盖度的增大而增大。林分密度与树干形态的交互作用对LSI、SIEI有显著影响，两个指数随林分密度的增大而减小，LSI在树干弯曲与通直并存时数值较大，SIEI在树干通直时数值较大；灌草盖度与树干形态的交互作用对SIEI有显著影响，SIEI随灌草盖度的增大而增大，在树干弯曲与通直并存时数值较大。
结论林分密度、灌草盖度、树干形态及其交互作用均对林内景观指数有显著影响。主要原因是结构要素的变化引起视域内斑块数量以及形状的改变从而引起斑块指数的变化。

Abstract:
ObjectiveStand density, shrub-herb coverage and trunk shape are important factors affecting the in-forest landscape quality. It is expected that the formation mechanism of the landscape quality in artificial forest of Pinus tabuliformis in Beijing could be discussed from the perspective of changing landscape index of the color patch.
MethodBy analyzing the structure characteristics of forest landscape patches of color images, the effects of stand density, shrub-herb coverage and trunk shape changes on the in-forest patch index were studied.
ResultThe stand density had a significant influence on splitting index (SPI), and SPI decreased with the increase of density; shrub-herb coverage had significant influence on aggregation index (AI) and landscape shape index (LSI), and both indexes increased with the increase of shrub-herb coverage. Trunk shape had a very significant effect on Simpson's evenness index (SIEI) and a significant influence on LSI. LSI was higher when the trunk shape was both bend and straight, SIEI was higher when the trunk shape was straight. The interaction of stand density and shrub-herb coverage had significant effect on LSI, SPI, SIEI, the three indexes all decreased with the increase of stand density, and increased with the increase of shrub-herb coverage. The interaction of stand density and trunk shape had significant influence on LSI, SIEI, two indexes decreased with the increase of stand density, the value of LSI was larger when the trunk was both bend and straight, the value of SIEI was larger when the trunk was straight. The interaction of shrub-grass coverage and trunk shape had a significant influence on SIEI, SIEI increased with the increase of shrub-herb coverage, and the value of SIEI was larger when the trunk was both bend and straight.
ConclusionStand density, shrub-herb coverage, trunk shape and their interactions all had significant influence on forest landscape index. The main reason was that the change of structural elements caused the change of the number and the shape of the patches in the visual field, and then caused the change of plaque index.

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